马克思的劳动正义观探赜——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的文本解读

Marx’s View of Labor Justice:A Textual Analysis of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

马克思在批判资本正义的基础上,确立了劳动正义,实现了正义理论的变革。马克思劳动正义观的“靶心”是劳动异化,劳动异化使得劳动由一种自由自觉的内在活动沦为资本增殖的工具和手段,劳动者失去尊严。批判劳动异化是为了实现劳动解放,而消除劳动异化的根本途径是共产主义运动。通过共产主义运动进行劳动解放是为了实现人的自由全面发展,让人成为“总体的人”。马克思劳动正义观的时代启示是:必须坚持生产资料公有制的主体地位,必须坚持勤劳致富的价值导向,积极推进大中小学劳动教育,必须坚持绿色发展。

Marx established labor justice on the basis of criticizing capital justice,hence reformed the justice theory.Marx’s critique of labor justice focuses on labor alienation,which reduces labor from a free and conscious internal activity to a tool and means for capital proliferation,and workers lose their dignity.Criticizing labor alienation is to achieve labor liberation,and the fundamental way to eliminate labor alienation is the communist movement.The liberation of labor through the communist movement is to achieve the free and comprehensive development of human beings,who thus become the“Total Man.”Marx’s labor justice view reveals that we must keep the dominant position of the public ownership of the means of production,adhere to the value of becoming wealthy through hard work,promote labor education in universities,and primary and secondary schools,and adhere to green development.