马鞍山市城区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况分析

Hygienic status of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in urban areas of Ma'anshan City

目的了解安徽省马鞍山市城区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,为制定相应的监督管理措施提供依据。方法2022年随机抽取马鞍山市主城区使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所15家,按照GB/T 18204.5—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第5部分:集中空调通风系统》进行采样和检测,项目包括风管内表面细菌总数和真菌总数,送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和β-溶血性链球菌,以及冷却水嗜肺军团菌;参照WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》进行检测指标评价;分析样品合格率和嗜肺军团菌检出率。结果15家公共场所共采集样品368份,合格率为50.54%,合格场所0家。集中空调风管内表面细菌总数和真菌总数合格率分别为52.67%和59.33%;送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、PM10和β-溶血性链球菌合格率分别为12.00%、28.00%、90.00%和96.00%。行政办公场所、宾馆(酒店)、沐浴场所和商场(超市)的样品合格率分别为32.50%、59.24%、61.09%和68.92%,风管内表面真菌总数合格率分别为8.33%、72.46%、66.67%和61.90%,送风中真菌总数合格率分别为0、21.70%、33.30%和71.40%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采集18份冷却水样品,检出嗜肺军团菌阳性3份,检出率为16.67%。结论马鞍山市城区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况较差,重点关注细菌、真菌和嗜肺军团菌等微生物污染,需扩大监管范围、加强监管力度。

Objective To investigate the hygienic status of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places in urban areas of Ma'anshan City,Anhui Province,so as to provide insights into formulation of supervision and management interventions.Methods A total of 15 public places with the central air conditioner ventilation system were randomly sampled from main urban areas in Ma'anshan City in 2022.Sampling and detection were performed following the standard GB/T 18204.5—2013 Examination methods for public places Part 5:Central air conditioning ventilation system,including total number of bacteria and total number of fungus on the inner surface of wind pipes,total number of bacteria and fungus,particulate matter(PM10)andβ-hemolytic streptococci in the air supply system,and Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water,and the detection indicators were assessed following the WS 394—2012 Guideline for hygiene of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places.The eligible rate of samples,the detection rate of L.pneumophila were analyzed.Results A total of 368 samples were collected from 15 public places,and the qualified rate was 50.54%,no places had all eligible measurement indicators.The qualified rates of total bacteria and fungus numbers on the inner surface of wind pipes were 52.67%and 59.33%.The qualified rates of total bacterium number,total fungus number,PM10 andβ-hemolytic streptococci were 12.00%,28.00%,90.00%and 96.00%in the air supply system.The qualified rates of samples in administrative workplaces,hotels,bathing places and malls(supermarkets)were 32.50%,59.24%,61.09%and 68.92%,the qualified rates of total bacteria on the inner surface of air ducts were 8.33%,72.46%,66.67%and 61.90%,and the qualified rates of total fungus numbers in air supply were 0,21.70%,33.30%and 71.40%,respectively,with statistical significance(P<0.05).A total of 18 cooling water samples were collected,and L.pneumophila was detected in three samples(16.67%).Conclusions Poor hygiene is seen in the central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in main urban areas of Ma'anshan City.High attention needs to be paid to contamination of bacterium,fungus and L.pneumophila,and expansion of supervision coverage and improved supervision intensity are recommended.