海曙区水痘突破病例特征分析

Characteristics of varicella breakthrough cases in Haishu District

目的了解2017—2022年浙江省宁波市海曙区水痘突破病例特征,为预防水痘疫情提供依据。方法通过中国传染病报告管理信息系统和浙江省免疫规划信息系统,收集2017—2022年海曙区水痘报告病例资料和疫苗接种信息;发病前42 d接种过1剂次或2剂次水痘疫苗定义为突破病例,分析其性别、年龄、地区及发病与末次免疫间隔时间分布特征。结果2017—2022年海曙区报告水痘病例1563例,突破病例928例,占总病例的59.37%。1剂次免疫史突破病例660例,占总病例的42.23%;2剂次免疫史突破病例268例,占总病例的17.15%。2017—2022年1剂次免疫史突破病例占当年水痘病例的比例呈下降趋势(P<0.05);2剂次免疫史突破病例占当年水痘病例的比例无明显变化趋势(P>0.05)。1剂次免疫史突破病例男性392例,占59.39%;女性268例,占40.61%。2剂次免疫史突破病例男性150例,占55.97%;女性118例,占44.03%。1、2剂次免疫史突破病例年龄M(QR)分别为13.00(4.00)岁和9.00(4.00)岁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1、2剂次免疫史突破病例地区分布均以城乡接合部为主,分别为319例(48.33%)和137例(51.12%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1、2剂次免疫史突破病例发病与末次免疫间隔时间M(QR)分别为12.00(3.00)年和4.00(3.00)年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2017—2022年海曙区水痘突破病例以1剂次免疫史突破病例、男性、城乡接合部居民为主,1剂次免疫史突破病例年龄、发病与末次免疫间隔时间大于2剂次免疫史突破病例。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of breakthrough cases of varicella in Haishu District,Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022,so as to provide the evidence for varicella prevention and control.Methods Information on reported cases of varicella and vaccination in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the China Infectious Disease Reporting Management Information System and the Immunization Program Information Management System of Zhejiang Province.The breakthrough cases who had received 1 or 2 doses of varicella vaccine 42 days before the onset of disease were selected.The distribution of sex,age,region and the interval between onset and last immunization were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 1563 varicella cases were reported from 2017 to 2022.There were 928 breakthrough cases(59.37%),of which 660 cases with 1-dose immunization history(42.23%)and 268 cases with 2-dose immunization history(17.15%).The proportion of 1-dose breakthrough cases in total annual cases showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05)from 2017 to 2022,while there was no significant tendency on the proportion of cases with 2-dose immunization history(P>0.05).There were 392 males(59.39%)and 268 females(40.61%)with 1-dose immunization history.There were 150 males(55.97%)and 118 females(44.03%)with 2-dose immunization history.Breakthrough cases with 1-and 2-dose immunization history had an median age of 13.00(interquartile range,4.00)and 9.00(4.00)years,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The regional distribution of the breakthrough cases with 1-and 2-dose immunization history was mainly in the rural-urban fringe,with 319 cases(48.33%)and 137 cases(51.12%),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The median interval between onset and last immunization was 12.00(interquartile range,3.00)and 4.00(3.00)years,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The breakthrough cases of varicella in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were mainly cases with 1-dose immunization history,males,and residents in rural-urban fringe.The age was older and the interval between onset and the last immunization was longer in cases with 1-dose immunization history than in cases with 2-dose immunization history.