小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑

Practical Logic of Small Farmers Connecting New Agricultural Business Entities

基于可持续生计理论,从联结导向和治理机制两个维度出发,构建不同联结导向及其差异化治理机制的分析框架,探究小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑。研究揭示了4种不同的联结类型及其治理机制:类型A(能力导向型联结-市场治理机制)强调市场机制在提升小农户生计能力中的作用;类型B(能力导向型联结-行政治理机制)通过政策扶持和环境优化提升小农户生计能力;类型C(权利导向型联结-市场治理机制)侧重于市场化方式激活农地“三权分置”改革红利,保障小农户生计权利;类型D(权利导向型联结-行政治理机制)则采用行政主导方式强化小农户生计权利保障。同时,小农户联结新型农业经营主体应以巩固拓展农地“三权分置”改革成效为契机,发挥“有效市场”和“有为政府”在联结过程中的作用,优化合作经营与可持续生计的协同制度体系。但是,小农户联结新型农业经营主体过程中,必须有效防范因生计能力不足和生计权利缺失导致的经营效能低下及其衍生风险。

Based on the theory of sustainable livelihoods,this paper constructs an analytical framework for linkage orientations and differentiated governance mechanisms from two dimensions:linkage orientation and governance mechanism,and examines the practical logic and governance mechanism of small farmers connecting new agricultural business entities.The results indicate that there exist 4 different types of connections and governance mechanisms—Type A(capacity-oriented linkages-market governance mechanisms)emphasizes the role of market mechanisms in enhancing small farmers’livelihood capacity;Type B(capacity-oriented linkages-administrative governance mechanisms)enhancing small farmers’livelihood through policy support and environmental optimization;Type C(rights-oriented linkage-market governance mechanism)focuses on the market-oriented way to activate the dividend of the"three rights separation"reform of agricultural land and protect the livelihood rights of small farmers;Type D(rights-based linkage-administrative governance mechanism)uses an executive-led approach to strengthen the livelihood rights of small farmers.In the meantime,taking the opportunity of consolidating and expanding the effectiveness of the"three rights separation"reform in rural land,will fully leverage the special roles of"effective markets"and"promising governments"in different linkage directions,optimize the institutional system that is conducive to the coordinated promotion of cooperative management and sustainable livelihoods.However,in the process of connecting small farmers with new agricultural business entities,it is necessary to effectively prevent the low operational efficiency and derivative risks caused by insufficient livelihood capacity and lack of livelihood rights.