夏黑葡萄电商物流品质评价及影响因素分析

Quality Evaluation and Affecting Factors Analysis of E-commerce Logistics for Summer Black Grapes

目的对不同电商物流包装,不同产区夏黑葡萄的运输品质构建规范化评分模型,进一步完善运输过程中葡萄的品质评价体系,同时为不同运输包装的组合利用提供理论依据。方法以云南、江苏、天津等地的5个产区的夏黑葡萄为研究对象,采用4种典型电商包装进行48 h实物寄递试验。运用相关性和主成分分析,对夏黑葡萄的电商物流品质进行综合评价,筛选出适宜的电商包装方式,并进一步分析运输过程中造成品质差异的环境影响因素。结果主成分分析提取了3个主成分,累计贡献率达89.096%,对3个主成分得分进行权重相加和建立果实品质评分(Y)模型:Y=0.562Y1+0.186Y2+0.143Y3。结果表明处理组1(瓦楞纸箱/泡沫箱/冰袋/袋中袋)内夏黑运输品质最优且更稳定,其他3个处理组品质波动较大。通过分析运输过程中环境温度及振动的变化,发现EPS泡沫箱保温性能最好,冰袋辅助降温可以有效降低包装箱内温度,提高葡萄商品性;提高包装量是削弱Z轴振动对产品影响的有效手段。结论本研究建立了一套综合性的果实品质评分模型,利用该模型能够较为客观、准确地反映出夏黑果实的物流品质,对促进生鲜商品的电商物流快速发展具有重要意义。

The work aims to construct a standardized quality scoring model for the transportation quality of Summer Black Grapes in different e-commerce logistics packages and different production areas,so as to further improve the quality evaluation system of grapes during transportation,and provide a theoretical basis for the combination and utilization of different transportation packages.Taking Summer Black Grapes from five production areas of Yunnan,Jiangsu and Tianjin as the research object,four typical e-commerce packages were used for 48 h physical delivery test.By using correlation and principal component analysis,the e-commerce logistics quality of Summer Black Grapes was comprehensively evaluated,the suitable e-commerce packaging method was screened out,and the environmental impact factors causing quality differences in the transportation process were further analyzed.Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 89.096%.The fruit quality score(Y)model was established by adding the weight of the three principal component scores:Y=0.562Y1+0.186Y2+0.143Y3.The results showed that the transportation quality of Summer Black Grapes in treatment group 1(corrugated box/foam box/ice bag/bag in bag)was the best and more stable,and the quality of the other three treatment groups fluctuated greatly.By analyzing the changes of ambient temperature and vibration during transportation,it was found that the EPS foam box had the best thermal insulation performance,and the ice bag assisted cooling could effectively reduce the temperature in the packaging box and improve the commodity of grapes.Increasing the amount of packaging was an effective means to weaken the effect of Z-axis vibration on products.In this study,a comprehensive fruit quality scoring model is established.The model can objectively and accurately reflect the logistics quality of Summer Black Grapes,which is of great significance to promote the rapid development of e-commerce logistics of fresh goods.