不同叶位雪茄烟叶质量特征变化趋势分析

Analysis on the Quality Characteristics Change Trendency in Different Leaf Positions of Cigar Tobacco Leaves

为研究雪茄烟叶质量特征随叶位的变化趋势,提高烟叶工业可用性,系统分析了6个雪茄烟叶品种每个叶位鲜烟叶、晾制后原烟和发酵后烟叶的质量等级、外观质量和常规化学成分差异。结果表明,随着烟叶着生部位上升,晾制后颜色呈现出黄褐色-浅褐色-褐色-红褐色变化;主支脉逐渐增粗,叶片厚度、油分和光泽均逐渐增加。叶位由下至上,烟叶中烟碱、总氮、总糖、还原糖和氯含量逐渐增加,钾、镁含量逐渐减少。烟叶烟碱、总氮、总糖和还原糖含量间及与6个外观质量指标间呈极显著正相关关系,钾、镁与外观质量显著负相关。综合外观质量和内在化学成分,可将不同叶位的烟叶划分为4个质量不同的叶位组,分别为P1~P3、P4~P10、P11~P14、P15~P16。其中P1~P3、P15~P16主要产出茄芯烟叶;P4~P10主要产出茄衣和茄套烟叶,整株烟的大部分茄衣烟叶产于该叶组;P11~14主要产出茄套烟叶,可少量产出茄衣烟叶。

To study the variation of quality characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves at different leaf positions and improve the industrial usability of tobacco leaves,we systematically analyzed the quality grade,appearance quality,and chemical composition differences of cigar tobacco leaves at each leaf position from six cigar tobacco varieties.The results indicated that the color changed from yellow brown-light brown-brown-reddish-brown with the rise of growing positions of cigar tobacco leaves.The vein,thickness,oil content and luster increased gradually.From bottom to top,the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen,total sugar,reducing sugar and chlorine in tobacco leaves increased gradually,while the contents of potassium and magnesium in tobacco leaves decreased gradually.There was a significant positive correlation between nicotine,total nitrogen,total sugar and reducing sugar in cigar tobacco leaves and six appearance quality indexes,while there was a significant negative correlation between potassium and magnesium and appearance quality.The cigar tobacco leaves at different leaf positions could be divided into four groups with different quality,