城市生态风景林公众康养效益评价

Evaluation on Public Health Benefits of Urban Landscape Ecological Forest

城市生态风景林是公众主要的户外活动场所,在健康中国背景下,提高生态风景林康养效益具有重要意义。选择福州国家森林公园竹林、木荷林、针阔混交林及水杉林4种类型林分作为试验林,利用Ergo LAB仪器数据平台采集受试者的肌电(EMG)、皮肤电(EDA)、血容量脉搏(PPG)、呼吸频率(RESP)4项生理指标,探讨不同林分类型对公众康养效益的影响。结果表明:1)4种类型林分对生理指标康养恢复效果明显,分别达到72.92%、60.94%、57.29%、67.19%。2)4种类型林分的康养效益从好到差依次为竹林>水杉林>针阔混交林>木荷林,其中,竹林的EMG、EDA、PPG和RESP 4项生理康复指标均达到极显著差异(P<0.01);水杉林的EDA、RESP指标达到极显著差异(P<0.01),EMG达到显著差异(P<0.05);针阔混交林EMG达到显著差异;木荷林4项生理康养指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)同一林分类型对不同年龄人群结构的康养效益也不同,老年人在竹林环境的EMG、PPG指标恢复效果显著,中年人在EDA、RESP指标恢复效果较好,而中年人和青年人恢复效果差异性不显著。综上可知,城市生态风景林在一定程度上对公众具有缓解压力作用,但不同林分类型康养效益存在差异,同一林分类型对不同年龄人群结构康养效益也存在差异。未来生态风景林林分改造应充分考虑不同林分类型差异性,设计适宜不同人群结构的林分康养环境,满足公众康养效益的需求。

Urban landscape ecological forest is the main place that the public select for outdoor activities.Under the background of Healthy China Initiative,it is significant to improve the health benefits of landscape ecological forest.In this paper,four types of landscape ecological forest including bamboo forest,Schima superba forest,coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest and Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest in Fuzhou National Forest Park are selected as experimental forests,and the data platform of Ergo LAB instrument is used to collect participants'physiological indicators of electromyography(EMG),electrocutaneous(EDA),photoplethysmography(PPG)and respiratory rate(RESP),to explore the impact of forest types on public health benefits.The results show:1)The effects of bamboo forest,S.superba forest,coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest,and M.glyptostroboides forest on the physiological rehabilitation indexes is obvious,and the recovery rates reach 72.92%,60.94%,57.29%and 67.19%,respectively;2)The health benefits of the four forest types can be ordered from good to bad as bamboo forest>M.glyptostroboides forest>coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest>S.superba forest.The physiological rehabilitation indexes of EMG,EDA,PPG and RESP in bamboo forest environment are significantly different.The indexes of EDA and RESP of M.glyptostroboides forest are significantly different while the EMG is obviously different.The EMG of coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest is significantly different.There are no significant differences in the four physiological rehabilitation indexes of S.superba forest;and 3)People groups of different age structures have varied health benefits even the same forest type.The elders show a remarkable rehabilitation effect in terms of EMG and PPG in bamboo forest,the middle-aged persons have a relatively good effect in EDA and RESP,while there is no significant difference in the four indexes for young people.In general,urban landscape ecological forests have the certain effect in relieving pressure on the public,but different landscape ecological forests have the different health benefits and there are significantly different in the health benefits of the same forest type for people groups of different age structures.In the future,the improvement of landscape ecological forests should fully take the differentiation of forest types into account,design the forest environment that people groups of different age structures need,and meet the demand of the public for health benefit.