广东省湛江水产养殖区表层水中抗生素污染特征及风险评估

Concentration levels and potential risk assessment of antibiotics in surface water in Zhanjiang aquaculture area,Guangdong Province

在广东湛江选择代表性的不同水产品(鱼虾和牡蛎)养殖区域,研究表层水中抗生素分布特征,并初步评估抗生素对水体生物的潜在风险。结果表明,在养殖区表层水中检测到16种抗生素,检出率为14%~79%,总浓度范围为6.75~592ng/L,依诺沙星(ENO)、氧四环素(OTC)、甲砜霉素(TAP)和氟苯尼考(FF)是主要抗生素。不同养殖环境表层水中抗生素含量和组成规律明显不同,其中牡蛎养殖海域抗生素总浓度最高(147~592ng/L),以OTC和FF为主;而鱼虾养殖池塘抗生素总浓度相对较低(6.75~77.2ng/L),以恩诺沙星(ENR)和ENO为主。不同养殖物种投放饲料和药物以及养殖环境水动力条件对水体抗生素分布有明显影响。风险评估结果表明,环丙沙星(CIP)可能对藻类造成中–高风险;ENO对藻类和无脊椎动物造成中–高风险。

This study investigates the occurrence and composition profiles of antibiotics in surface water from typical marine aquaculture farms in Zhanjiang,Guangdong Province,China.The research includes a rough assessment of potential ecological risks based on measured concentrations.Sixteen antibiotics were detected in surface water at total concentrations ranging from 6.75 ng/L to 592 ng/L,with detection frequencies varying from 14%to 79%.Enoxacin,oxytetracycline,thiamphenicol,and florfenicol were identified as the main antibiotics in the surface waters of the study region.Distinct antibiotic levels were found in different aquaculture farms due to specific feed and drug usage for shrimp,fish,and oysters.The oyster area using raft culture exhibited the highest concentrations(147–592 ng/L),with oxytetracycline and florfenicol as the primary components.Shrimp ponds,conversely,showed the lowest concentrations(6.75–77.2 ng/L),with enrofloxacin and enoxacin as the main components.Risk assessment indicated that ciprofloxacin may pose a moderate or high risk to algae,while enoxacin may pose a moderate or high risk to algae and invertebrates in the Zhanjiang aquaculture area.