《人间词话》“内美”与“修能”之辨析

The Distinction between “Innate Talent” and “Acquired Quality” in Poetic Remarks in the Human World

王国维的《人间词话》以“境界说”为核心,是“天才说”“古雅说”的升华。“内美”作为“天才说”的一种阐释,“修能”作为“古雅说”的外化,都与天才理论有关并共同构成一对概念。而“内美”与“修能”孰轻孰重却引发了不少讨论,观点主要集中在三点:即“内美”重于“修能”;“内美”与“修能”并重但偏向于“内美”;“内美”与“修能”兼顾但偏向于“修能”。这三种观点在王国维处汇集并且集中于探讨“内美”,“修能”往往被捎带提及。从“内美”和“修能”之间的关系展开,分析建立在“天才说”基础之上的“内美”的含义,从而明确“内美”与“修能”的不同指向,并通过王国维在“内美”与“修能”之间的犹疑矛盾探讨王国维更重视“内美”的原因。

Wang Guowei's Poetic Remarks in the Human World focuses on the theory of jingjie which is a sublimation of the“genius theory”and the“theory of quaintness”.“Innate talent”as an interpretation of the“genius theory”and“acquired quality”as an externalization of the“theory of quaintness”are both related to the“genius theory”and form a pair of concepts.However,the question that which of the two,“innate talent”and“acquired quality”,is more important has sparked many discussions,with the opinions mainly focusing on the following three points:“innate talent”is more important than“acquired quality”;they are given equal importance but“innate talent”is preferred;both are taken into account but“acquired quality”is preferred.The above three viewpoints converge in Wang Guowei’s writing,but“innate talent”is extensively explored while“acquired quality”is incidentally mentioned.Starting with the relationship between“innate talent”and“acquired quality”,this article analyzes the connotation of“innate talent”based on the“genius theory”to clarify the different directions of“innate talent”and“acquired quality”.Also,it explores the reasons why Wang Guowei attaches more importance to“innate talent”by analyzing his hesitation and contradiction between“innate talent”and“acquired quality”.