关键设备进口、关系专用性投资与企业技术创新

Key Equipment Imports,Relationship-specific Investment and Technological Innovation of the Enterprises

文章利用中国微观企业数据,从契约不完全视角探讨关键设备进口对企业技术创新的影响,并阐释了关系专用性投资在两者之间扮演的角色。研究发现:在契约不完备和关系专用性投资存在情形下,关键设备进口会抑制企业技术创新;但当增加准供应商市场厚度时,企业技术创新水平得到提高。进一步机制检验发现:关系专用性投资尤其是无形资产专用性投资不足是造成当前中国企业过度依赖关键设备进口和长期技术创新能力递减的根源。此外,当交易面临较高的进口来源国政策不确定性以及与进口来源国交易更加频繁时,进口关键设备抑制企业技术创新的影响效应得以减缓。这表明,政府在注重“扩进口”与“促创新”政策中,要注重无形资产专用性投资的投入与培训,避免过分依赖进口关键设备而陷入技术卡脖子境地。

Based on China's micro enterprise data,this paper investigates the impact of key equipment imports on technological innovation of the enterprises from the perspective of incomplete contract,and explains the role of relationship-specific investment in the relationship between the two.The research shows that:in the case of incomplete contract and relationship-specific investment,key equipment imports will inhibit technological innovation of the enterprises;but when market thickness of the quasi-suppliers is increased,technological innovation level of the enterprises will be improved.Further mechanism test reveals that the lack of relationship-specific investment,especially intangible-specific investment,is the root cause of the excessive dependence on key equipment imports and the long-term decline of technological innovation ability of China's enterprises.In addition,when the transactions face high policy uncertainty of the import source country and the transactions with the import source country are more frequent,the inhibition effect of importing key equipment on technological innovation of the enterprises will be alleviated.This indicates that the government should attach importance to the input and training of intangible-specific investment in the policies of“expanding imports”and“promoting innovation”,so as to avoid falling into the technological bottleneck situation due to excessive dependence on key equipment imports.