腐败案件中对抗调查行为研究——以理性选择理论为视角

A Research on Anti⁃investigation Behavior in Corruption Cases:From the Perspective of Rational Choice Theory

腐败官员出于逃避纪律、法律惩罚的目的,会实施掩盖违纪违法事实的对抗调查行为。通过对中央纪委国家监委发布的处分通报进行汇总统计发现,落马官员中存在对抗调查行为的比例较高,并且呈现出行为贯穿腐败全过程、心理和物质准备充足、规避信息化调查的意识较强、正面冲突较明显、家属参与程度深等特点。从犯罪学理性选择理论的角度来分析,对抗调查行为反映了腐败官员对成本收益的综合考量、在面对收益和损失时“偏好”的改变以及对抗调查决策形成过程的有限理性。为此,可以通过借助“可得性启发”开展警示教育;正视“确定性效应”释放对腐败零容忍的信号;加强日常监督,建立起腐败与处分的必然联系,起到预防腐败以及由此衍生的对抗调查行为的作用。

Corrupt officials may engage in anti⁃investigation behavior for the purpose of evading discipline and legal punishment.Based on the analysis of the statistics issued by the Central Commission for Discipline In⁃spection,it is found that there is a high proportion of anti⁃investigation behaviors among corrupt officials,and the officials exhibit characteristics such as acting throughout the entire process of corruption,having sufficient psychological and material preparation,strong awareness of avoiding digital investigation,and obvious head⁃on confrontation,and involving deep participation of family members.From the perspective of rational choice theo⁃ry in criminology,the anti⁃investigation behaviors reflect the comprehensive consideration of costs and benefits,the change in"preferences"when facing gains and losses,and the limited rationality in the decision⁃making process.Considering this,the following measures can be taken to prevent corruption and anti⁃investigation be⁃havior:using"availability heuristic"to carry out warning education,confronting the"certainty effect"to re⁃lease zero tolerance signals for corruption,and strengthening daily supervision to establish an inevitable connec⁃tion between corruption and punishment.