近代中国图书馆职业化与社会变迁的互动关系研究

The Interactive Relationship between Library Professionalization and Social Change in Modern China

在中国近代社会变迁的历史进程中,图书馆事业取得了历史性突破。随着西学东渐的深入、社会变革的推动和图书馆事业的发展,图书馆职业化不断完善。近代中国图书馆职业化主要体现在图书馆员职业群体化、图书馆组织机构结构化、图书馆岗位体系化、图书馆员选任制度化和图书馆工作规范化等方面。图书馆职业化和近代社会变迁具有因果关系和相互作用关系:社会变迁在开启图书馆职业化进程、推动图书馆员专业化教育、培育图书馆职业精神和促进图书馆国际化交流中起到了重要的助推作用,图书馆职业化的深入系统发展,又通过社会教育、社团组织发展、女性的社会参与和“中国的图书馆学”构建等反作用于社会变迁,构成了相互交织并动态演进的互动关系。

The library professionalization in modern China has witnessed significant development,which is inseparable from the reform and development of modern Chinese society.With the evolution of society,the development of libraries and the intensification of Sino-Western exchanges,the professionalization of libraries in modern China has been continuously deepening,which has a mutually influential relationship with the social changes in modern China.The article focuses on three aspects.1)The main manifestations of library professionalization in modern China are as follows:The professional workforce of librarians has gradually formed,dating from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China,experiencing the growth and stability in the middle of the Republic of China,with some limited increase during the war in the late Republic of China;the organizational structure of libraries has gone through a process from ambiguous and general rules to specific and detailed regulations and then to relatively stable development;the library job positions have been gradually detailed and the job titles standardized,forming a relatively stable and unified job position system;regulations and measures have been established for the selection,appointment and daily management of the librarians,staff members,department heads and library directors.2)The impact of social changes in modern China on library professionalization:The development of society has laid the foundation for the growth of modern library professionalization,initiating the process of professionalization in China,with various features and trends at diferent historical stages;the development of education has promoted the rise of professional education for modern librarians,training a large number of professionals and providing specialized education support for the professionalization of modern libraries;social labor division has facilitated the development of library professional spirits and industry code,promoting the theoretical research and practical exploration in the field of library professional spirits and ethics;moreover,cultural exchanges between China and the West have established an international plaform for librarians to pursue further education and engage in mutual visits.3)The impact of the professionalization of modem Chinese libraries on social development:Librarians go into communities and conduct the knowledge popularization,literacy education and reading guidance,effectively promoting the educational function of libraries and helping the library associations play their roles in the library industry,cultural and educational undertakings;the female participation in social activities has increased,as more women have engaged in the library industry,the advantages of female participation in the library have gradually emerged,with female librarians making positive contributions to the development of the library industry;additionally,the localization of library science in China has come into existence,with the increasing publication of academic journals and library science works,China has shaped its own theoretical and knowledge system of library science.