中美工作场所空气中氨的标准检测方法比较及启示

Comparison and Inspiration of Standard Detection Methods for Ammonia in the Air of Workplaces Between China and the United States

为解决国内现行的工作场所空气中氨的标准检测方法(吸收液采集——纳氏试剂分光光度法)在实际应用中暴露出的问题,通过文献分析,梳理中美工作场所空气中氨的检测方法的发展历程,对比分析中美该标准检测方法的优缺点,为我国标准检测方法的更新提供启示和借鉴。研究表明:国内对于工作场所空气中氨的采样方法和测定方法(吸收液采集——纳氏试剂分光光度法)存在不宜长距离携带、不适用于个体采样、样品稳定性差、使用剧毒试剂和操作繁琐等缺点;对于固体吸附剂管,目前国内市售的存在杂质元素背景较高、采样性能和稳定性较差等缺点,不适用于空气中氨的采集,国外市售的对于企业定期进行职业卫生评价和检测存在成本较高的问题。因此需开发适用于我国工作场所空气中氨采集的固体吸附剂管,有益于推动工作场所空气中氨采集的标准方法的更新,为企业及职业卫生评价和检测人员提供工作便利。

In order to solve the problems exposed by the standard detection method for ammonia in the air of current domestic workplaces(sampling with absorbing solution-analysis with Nessler reagent spectrophotometry)in practical application.Based on literature analysis,the development history of detection methods for ammonia in workplace air in China and the United States is reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of this standard detection method in China and the United States are compared and analyzed,so as to provide enlightenment and reference for the update of standard detection methods in China.The results show that the sampling and determination methods for ammonia in the air of workplaces in China(sampling with absorbing solution-analysis with Nessler reagent spectrophotometry)have some shortcomings,such as not suitable for long-distance transportation,not suitable for individual sampling,poor sample stability,use of highly toxic reagents and cumbersome operation.For the solid adsorbent tubes,at present,there are some shortcomings in the domestic market,such as high background of impurity element,poor sampling performance and stability,and not suitable for collecting ammonia in the air.And there are problems in foreign market that the costs of enterprises regularly occupational health evaluations and testing are relatively high.Therefore,it is necessary to develop solid adsorbent tubes suitable for ammonia collection in the air of workplaces in China,which is beneficial to promote the update of standard methods for airborne ammonia collection in workplace,and provide convenience for enterprises and occupational health evaluation and testing workers.