连翘的免疫调节活性成分及作用机制研究进展

Research on Material Basis and Mechanism of Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)Regulating Immunity

连翘为临床常用中药,其活性成分包括苯乙醇苷类、木脂素类、酚酸类、黄酮类、萜类等,药理学研究表明连翘具有抑菌、抗炎、免疫调节等作用。总结连翘及其主要活性成分的免疫调节作用,揭示连翘及其主要活性成分通过作用于免疫器官脾脏和胸腺,T、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞等,缓解机体炎性反应,维持免疫系统的稳定性。其作用机制可能是通过降低肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和IL-18等炎症因子水平以及下调核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)等的表达,抑制促炎因子,并提高抗炎因子表达,发挥免疫调节作用。体外实验表明,连翘及其提取物可直接作用于大肠埃希菌等常见的革兰氏阴性菌,具有抑菌作用。此外,连翘对于由Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡所引起的类风湿性关节炎、系统红斑狼疮等自身免疫系统疾病也具有良好的免疫调节作用。系统地总结了连翘具有免疫调节作用的主要成分以及其免疫调节的作用机制,以期为连翘的临床应用和进一步的基础研究提供依据。

Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)is the commonly used herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine clinic,and its active in⁃gredients include benzlethanosides,lignins,phenolic acids,flavonoids,terpenoids,etc.Modern pharmacological studies show that Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)has antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.In this article,the immuno⁃modulatory effects of Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)and its main active components were summarized and it reveals that forsythia and its main active components can alleviate the inflammatory reaction and maintain the stability of the immune system by acting on the spleen,thymus,T and B lymphocytes,NK cells and macrophages.The mechanism of action may be by reducing the expres⁃sions of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and IL-18 and nuclear factor-κB,inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors.Moreo⁃ver,Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)and its extracts can directly act on common Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli with direct antibacterial effects.In addition,Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)also has good immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus,which were caused by Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.This paper systematically summarized the main components of Lianqiao(Forsythiae Fructus)with immunomodulatory effects and its ac⁃tion mechanism in immune regulation in order to provide basis for clinical application and further scientific research.