伍重与夏隆:有机建筑分野

Jorn Utzon and Hans Scharoun:A Division on Organic Architecture

自19世纪末,有机建筑区别于欧洲理性主义作为广义现代建筑的分支而发展。1950年代,正统现代建筑被后现代主义建筑师挑战,而倡导有机建筑的建筑师们躲避了他们的围剿。恰逢其时,两位现代建筑大师汉斯·夏隆(Hans Scharoun)与尤恩·伍重(Jorn Utzon)以各自背景出发,设计并建造柏林爱乐音乐厅与悉尼歌剧院,产生深远影响。两位建筑师在有机建筑思想上的表达不尽相同,意喻着有机建筑演变的分野,两座建筑是对广义现代建筑的扩充与探索。本文从有机建筑理论的发展脉络出发,辨析两位建筑师“有机”思想的来源,通过讨论其形式来源、几何性、自然表达等方面,区分出三组“有机建筑”的特点,发现其都来源于建筑师根据自身不同背景对“有机”与“自然”要素的思考。伍重和夏隆的建筑分别从精神性和实际性出发,以“有机”的思想呈现自然的生命力,代表着两种有机建筑,成为现代建筑“新传统”的延续。

Since the end of the 19th century,organic architecture has developed as a branch of generalized modern architecture,which is different from European rationalism.In the 1950s,orthodox modern architecture was challenged by postmodernist architects,while organic architects evaded them.Just in time,two modern architects,Hans Scharoun and Jorn Utzon,designed and built the Berlin Philharmonic Concert Hall and the Sydney Opera House,with profound influence.The two architects expressed different ideas on organic architecture,which means the division in the evolution of organic architecture.These buildings expanded and explored modern architecture in a broad sense.From the development of organic architecture theory,this study analyzes the source of the idea of organic of the two architects.By discussing the form source,geometry,natural expression,etc.,distinguish three groups of organic architecture characteristic,found its originate from architects according to their different background of organic and natural elements in thinking.The architecture of Utzon and Scharoun started from spirituality and practicality,and presents the vitality of nature with the idea of organic.They represent two kinds of organic architecture and become the continuation of the new tradition of modern architecture.