国家女子静水皮艇运动员专项能力测试成绩与训练负荷指标关联分析

Correlation Analysis Between Performance and Training Load Index of National-class Female Flatwater Kayak Athletes

目的:探讨国家女子静水皮艇运动员专项能力测试成绩与训练负荷多指标的关联性,分析训练负荷各指标间存在的内在联系,为诊断和评估国家女子静水皮艇运动员训练负荷刺激效果提供方法学参考。方法:跟踪测试和统计12名国家女子静水皮艇运动员2019年7月至2021年6月不同训练阶段20 min测功仪、500 m测功仪和K2-500 m双人划测试各指标值;采用偏相关分析和多元线性逐步回归方法从定量角度分析测试成绩与划桨功率、配速、血乳酸值、内负荷等指标间的关联性。结果:(1)20 min测功仪划行距离与划桨标准功率、配速/500 m测试值呈高度相关(r=0.835,r=-0.607),标准化功率(b=0.396)和配速/500m(b=-0.552)对女皮队员20min测功仪划行距离的影响显著(p<0.05)。(2)500 m测功仪成绩与划桨标准功率呈高度相关(r=-0.758),与平均即刻乳酸、3 min和5 min乳酸测试值呈中度相关(r=-0.353,r=-0.471,r=-0.519),标准化功率(b=-0.889),对女皮队员500 m测功仪测试成绩有显著性影响(p<0.01)。(3)K2-500 m双人划测试成绩与200 m、300 m、400 m分段艇速呈强相关(r=-0.903,r=-0.994,r=-0.948),与100 m和500 m分段艇速呈高度相关(r=-0.741,r=-0.842);与各分段运动员内负荷值(RPE和s RPE)呈高度负相关(r>0.6)。结论:综合心率、乳酸值、分段艇速、桨频、划桨功率、RPE和s RPE等指标测试值能更为准确评价和监控国家女子静水皮艇运动员训练负荷刺激效果。训练中应关注队员划桨功率输出和高速阶段艇速的保持,注重肢体均衡性和对称性力量训练,重视专项技术的优化打磨和沉淀,强调混合供氧能力和乳酸阈强度训练对其综合体能素质的“拉动”效应。

Objective:To explore the correlation between the performance and training load index of national-class female flatwater kayak athletes to analyze the internal linkage between the indicators of training load,and to provide a methodological reference for diagnosing and evaluating the effect of training load stimulation of national-class flatwater kayak athletes. Methods : The values of each index of 20 min ergometerr, 500 m ergometerr, and K2-500 m paddling test were tracked and counted for 12 national-class female flatwater kayakers in different training phases from July 2019 to June 2021;the correlations between performance and paddling power, speed, blood lactate, internal load, and other indexes were analyzed from a quantitative perspective using partial correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression methods. Results :( 1 ) The 20 min ergometerr distance was highly correlated with the standardized power and speed/500 m ( r=0.835, r=-0.607), and standardized power (b=0.396) and speed/500 m (b=-0.552) had a significant effect( p<0.05) on the 20 min ergometerr distance of female kayaker.( 2 ) The 500 m ergometerr distance was highly correlated with standardized power (r=-0.758), moderately correlated with mean immediate lactate, 3 min and 5 min lactate values (r=-0.353, r=-0.471, r=-0.519), and standardized power( b=-0.889) had a significant effect on the 500 m ergometerr distance of female kayakers (p<0.01).(3) K2-500 m test was strongly correlated with 200 m, 300 m, and 400 m segment boat speeds (r=-0.903, r=-0.994, r=-0.948) and highly correlated with 100 m and 500 m segment boat speeds (r=-0.741, r=-0.842);and highly correlated with athlete each segment internal training load values( RPE and sRPE)( r>0.6). Conclusion : Comprehensive heart rate, lactate value, segmental boat speed, stroke rate, power, RPE and sRPE can more accurately evaluate and monitor the training load stimulation effect of national-class female flatwater kayakers. The training should pay attention to the power output and the maintenance of boat speed at high speed, pay attention to the balanced and symmetrical strength training of the limbs, pay attention to the optimization of special techniques, and emphasize the "pull" effect of mixed oxygen supply capacity and lactic acid threshold strength training on their physical fitness.