基础教育阶段学生计算思维影响因素及作用机制——基于人工智能课程的实证研究

Factors Influencing Students’Computational Thinking and the Mechanisms of Their Roles in Basic Education——An Empirical Study Based on Artificial Intelligence Curriculum

计算思维是人工智能时代人才必备的重要素养,基础教育阶段人工智能课程的全面推行给计算思维的培育带来了新的契机。以现有文献研究为基础,选取某市4所人工智能试点校学生开展半结构化访谈,采用扎根理论提炼学生计算思维的影响因素,同时利用解释结构模型对影响因素进行层级分析,探究计算思维影响因素的构成及作用机制。为检验模型适切性,研究以五、六年级学生为样本来源,实施问卷调查,采用结构方程模型检验理论模型,确立影响因素间关联与层级关系。研究结果表明,教师教学是影响计算思维发展的根本因素,能力基础、思维风格和认知负荷是影响计算思维发展的间接因素,自我效能感与学习心态直接影响计算思维的发展。

Computational thinking is an important literacy for talents in the era of artificial intelligence,and the comprehensive implementation of AI curriculum at the basic education level has brought new opportunities for the cultivation of computational thinking.Based on the existing literature,this paper selects students from four AI pilot schools in X city to conduct semi-structured interviews,refines the influencing factors of students’computational thinking using rooting theory,and also conducts a hierarchical analysis of the influencing factors using an explanatory structural model to explore the composition and mechanisms of the influencing factors of computational thinking.To test the appropriateness of the model,a questionnaire is administered to a sample of fifth and sixth grade students,and structural equation modeling is used to test the theoretical model and establish the association and hierarchical relationship among the influencing factors.The results of the study show that teachers’teaching is the fundamental factor influencing the development of computational thinking,while the ability base,thinking style and cognitive load are indirect factors,and self-efficacy and learning mindset are direct ones.