改革开放以来我国特殊学生评价政策的演进与展望

The Evolution and Prospects of the Evaluation Policy forSpecial Students in China Since the Reform and Opening up

特殊教育是教育的重要组成部分,特殊学生评价政策的制订与完善有利于促进特殊教育评价的改革与发展。改革开放以来,我国特殊学生评价政策经历了酝酿起步期、持续探索期、加速发展期和更新转型期四个阶段。特殊学生评价政策在评价理念、评价内容、评价方式及评价指标等方面都向着更加科学、适宜的方向发展,呈现出由关注结果转向强化增值、由学科测试转向多维度综合评价、由片面单一转向多元兼顾、由简单笼统转向丰富细化的特征。在特殊教育进入高质量发展阶段,为促进特殊学生全面适宜健康发展,需要强化评价主体的多元化和专业化,制订特殊学生适宜发展的综合评价指标体系,开发基于现代信息技术的评价工具,建立特殊学生评价保障机制。

Special education is an important component of education,and the formulation and improvement of special student evaluation policies are conducive to promoting the reform and development of special education evaluation.Since the reform and opening up,the evaluation policy for special students in China has gone through four stages of the initial stage of brewing,the continuous exploration stage,the accelerated development stage,and the renewal and transformation stage.The evaluation policy for special students has developed towards a more scientific and appropriate direction in terms of evaluation concepts,evaluation content,evaluation methods,and evaluation indicators.It has shown a shift from focusing on results to strengthening added value,from subject testing to multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation,from being one-sided and single to considering multiple factors,and from being simple and general to being rich and detailed.In the high-quality development stage of special education,in order to promote the comprehensive,suitable,and healthy development of special students,it is necessary to strengthen the diversification and specialization of evaluation subjects,formulate a comprehensive evaluation index system for the suitable development of special students,develop evaluation tools based on modern information technology,and establish a special student evaluation guarantee mechanism.