双重结构压力下的农民理性:“零存整取”的人情实践

The Farmer’s Rationality Under the Double Structural Pressure:The Social Relationship Practice of“Staged Deposit and Full Withdrawal”

人情消费与乡村社会秩序是一种共生共长的文化现象,人情消费高低涨落与地方社会的文化、伦理及社会秩序密切关联。调查显示,西北地区的高人情消费是乡村社会为了应对东西部地区和城乡之间经济社会发展的结构性失衡带来的家庭再生产难题,利用自身文化传统和乡村社会秩序形成的“零存整取”的人情实践,是一种理性化的行为后果,更是农民智慧的现实体现。在此过程中,乡村社会形成了根植于乡村社会文化传统、服务家庭和社会再生产、嵌入市场经济的乡村社会居民新理性。同时,通过党建引领乡村社会,使得融入市场规则的乡村社会实现了社会秩序与文化再造。因此,从社会结构与农民行动互动的视角理解西北地区高人情消费的现象,可以充分尊重和有效利用乡村社会的文化传统和农民群众的实践成果,有利于推进乡风文明建设,促进乡村社会有序发展,助力乡村振兴。

Expenditure on social relationships and rural social order are a symbiotic cultural phenomenon.The expenditure on social relationships is strongly correlated with the local society’s culture,ethics and social order.The survey indicates that northwest China’s high level of expenditure is the result of rural society’s practice of the“staged deposit and full withdrawal”.As a means of resolving the family reproduction problem brought about by the structural imbalance of social and economic development between eastern and western regions as well as urban and rural areas,the high level of expenditure in northwest China is formed out of their cultural traditions and rural social order,hence a rationalized behavioral consequence and a realistic manifestation of farmers’wisdom.In exercising this practice,rural society has formed a new rationality,which is rooted in the rural social-cultural tradition,serves the family and social reproduction,and is embedded in the market economy.Under the guidance of party building,rural society has integrated into market rules and achieved social order and cultural reconstruction.Therefore,understanding the phenomenon of high expenditure on social relationships in northwest China from the perspective of the interaction between social structure and farmers’actions can help us fully respect and effectively utilize the cultural tradition of rural society and the practical achievements of farmers.This is conducive to promoting rural civilization,facilitating the orderly development of rural society,and supporting rural revitalization.