城市规划助力城市转型——巴拿马城的规划史考察

Urban Planning Support Urban Transformation:Exploration on Panama City’s Planning History

自16世纪初建城至今,巴拿马城经历了5个世纪的城市规划实践,完成了从殖民地城市到国家首都的历史性转变,是国际规划史研究与城市转型研究的典型范例。结合政治变革周期与运河主权演变,本文将巴拿马城的发展进程分为4个历史时期:西班牙殖民时期、哥伦比亚时期、美控运河时期和运河回归时期,完整考察4个历史时期的规划动因与实践行动,并以此为基础对城市规划助力城市转型的历史脉络进行思辨分析,进而对城市规划的实践动力及其与城市空间、社会经济转型的关系作归纳总结与延伸思考。对于国内学界而言,拉丁美洲城市的规划史研究仍属未知领域,对巴拿马城的规划史考察不仅有助于填补空白,而且对城市规划学科将城市转型纳入规划史研究的全过程理论框架,从历史中学习、思考城市转型议题具有参考价值。

Since its foundation in the early 16th century,Panama City has undergone five centuries of urban planning practice,achieving a historic transformation from a colonial city to a national capital,which is a typical sample for the study on international planning history and urban transformation.Combined with the political and canal sovereignty evolution,this paper divides the development process of Panama City into four historical periods:the Spanish colonial period,the Colombian period,the US-controlled canal period,and the canal return period.Based on summarizing the planning motivations and practical actions of each period,this paper also makes a speculative analysis on the historical context of urban planning supporting urban transformation,and explains the motive force of planning practices and its relationship with urban space and socio-economic transformation.For the moment,the planning history of Latin American cities is still largely uncharted waters for the domestic academia.For this reason,exploring the planning history of Panama City will be conducive to fill the gap in this field,and from the perspective of historical learning,it will be more important to provide references for urban planning discipline incorporated urban transformation into the whole course of planning history study.