韧性视角下日本历史街区防灾实践及其对我国的启示

Practice of Disaster Prevention in Historical Districts in Japan from the Perspective of Resilience and Its Enlightenment to China

历史街区作为人类文化传承的重要载体之一,长期面临各种灾害威胁,且损失愈发严重。我国历史街区大多以砖木材料为主,决定了其在保护延续方面存在较大挑战,特别是在全球极端气候多发以及自然灾害愈演愈烈的背景下,如何保护我国历史街区不再受灾害侵袭,提高历史街区的安全韧性,一直是研究的难点与热点。通过对日本历史街区防灾实践进行梳理研究,本文从韧性视角分析总结了日本历史街区防灾能力提升的经验,包括以防主导的抗火思路、刚柔并济的防洪韧性策略、统筹兼顾的抗震韧性措施、综合利用的雪灾韧性应对,以及系统化的韧性管理策略等;并结合我国历史街区实际情况,提出了针对我国历史街区防灾韧性能力提升的启示思考,以期为我国众多历史街区保护提供借鉴。

As one of the important carriers of human cultural inheritance,historical blocks have been faced various disaster threats for a long time,and the losses have become more and more serious.Most of historical districts in China are mainly made of brick and wood materials,which determines that there are greater challenges in the protection and continuity of them,especially in the context of the global extreme climate and the increasing natural disasters.How to protect our country’s historical districts from disasters,improve the security and resilience of historical districts has always been a difficult and hot point of research.Through combing and researching the resilience and disaster prevention capabilities of Japanese historical districts,it is found that Japanese historical districts adopt anti-fire ideas,rigid and flexible flood control resilience strategies,coordinated earthquake resilience measures,comprehensive utilization of snow disaster resilience,and systematic management and comprehensive disaster prevention improvement methods.The paper summarizes and analyzes Japan’s advanced experience in improving the safety and resilience of historical districts from the perspective of resilience,with a view to providing reference for the protection of historical districts in China and the improvement of resilience and disaster prevention capabilities.