2019—2021年南宁市吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

Analysis of sentinel surveillance on AIDS among drug users in Nanning from 2019 to 2021

目的 了解2019—2021年南宁市吸毒人群的行为特征和艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况,为制定艾滋病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册(2017版)》要求收集2019—2021年南宁市吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测对象的相关信息,采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2019—2021年南宁市共监测吸毒人群3 897人,男性占88.32%,30~50岁者占74.13%,初中及以下文化者占91.12%;艾滋病知识知晓率为97.16%,干预覆盖率为95.02%;使用传统毒品者占64.31%,2020和2021年使用比例较2019年明显升高;使用新型毒品者占19.60%,使用比例呈下降趋势;注射毒品者比例为73.34%,2020和2021年较2019年高;共用针具者比例为37.19%,2020年比2019和2021年高;发生吸毒后性行为者比例为19.58%,呈下降趋势;21.85%吸毒人群发生过商业性行为;24.64%吸毒人群与配偶或同居者发生性行为时从未使用安全套。HIV抗体总阳性率7.31%,梅毒抗体总阳性率为5.62%,HCV抗体总阳性率为57.04%。Logistic回归分析结果显示注射毒品、共用针具和吸毒后性行为是HIV感染的危险因素。结论 近年来南宁市吸毒人群HIV阳性率有回升趋势,文化程度较低的中青年男性是吸毒人群艾滋病防控重点,防艾部门应与禁毒部门加强联合联动,将艾滋病防治教育和毒品预防教育结合,积极宣传防艾知识和推广安全套使用,严厉打击贩毒犯罪,执行禁止吸毒,不断加强艾滋病宣传教育和综合干预工作。

Objective To understand the behavioral characteristics and HIV infection among drug users in Nanning City from 2019 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating of AIDS prevention and control strategies.Methods According to the requirements of the“Operation Manual of National AIDS Sentinel Monitoring Implementation Plan(2017 version)”,data on AIDS sentinel sites among drug users in Nanning during 2019 to 2021 were collected,SPSS 22.0 was used to statistically analyze the data,and the test levelα=0.05.Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of the3897 drug users were monitored in Nanning City,and 88.32%of them were male,74.13%were30-50 years old,and those with junior high school education and below accounted for 91.12%.The awareness rate of AIDS was 97.16%,the coverage rate of AIDS intervention was 95.02%.Traditional drug users accounted for 64.31%,and the proportion of 2020 and 2021 was significantly higher than that in 2019.New drug users accounted for 19.60%,and the proportion of use showed a downward trend.The proportion of injecting drug users was 73.34%,which was higher in 2020and 2021 than that in 2019.The proportion of needle sharing was 37.19%,which was higher in2020 than that in 2019 and 2021.The proportion of sexual behavior after drug abuse was 19.58%,showing a downward trend;21.85%of drug users had commercial sex;24.64%of drug users had sex with their spouses or cohabitants and never used condoms.The total positive rate of HIV antibody was 7.31%,syphilis antibody was 5.62%,and HCV antibody was 57.04%.Logistic regression analysis showed that drug injection,needle sharing,and sex after drug use were the risk factors for HIV infection.Conclusions In recent years,the HIV positive rate among drug users in Nanning City has rebounded.Young and middle-aged men with low education level are the focus of AIDS prevention and control among drug users.Among them,AIDS prevention departments should strengthen joint linkage with drug control departments,combine AIDS prevention education with drug prevention education,actively promote AIDS prevention knowledge and condom use,crack down on drug trafficking crimes and implement drug prohibition and constantly strengthen AIDS education and comprehensive intervention.