论葛兰西的民俗观

On Antonio Gramsci's View of Folklore

葛兰西在其狱中笔记里有关民俗的论述对意大利民俗学产生了巨大影响。他的egemonia指在政治、经济、文化等多个方面的首要性、优先性,或可译为“统领权”。从该视角出发,他认为民俗是被统领的下层民众的世界观、人生观。他的民俗观直接影响了学者德马蒂诺,后者据之提出了“进步性民俗”的概念,应用于无产阶级运动。葛兰西的民俗观使意大利民俗学发生了从研究文本到研究生活的转型,并将继续滋养意大利的民俗学研究。

Gramsci's discussion on folklore in his prison notebooks had great influence on Italian folklore.His"egemonia"refers to the primacy and priority in politics,economy,culture,and other aspects,which might be translated as"统领权”in Chinese.From this perspective,he believed that folklore is a conception of the world and life of the ruled lower-class people.His view of folklore directly influenced the scholar de Martino,who proposed the concept of"progressive folklore"and applied it to the proletarian movement.Gramsci's view of folklore transformed Italian folklore from the study of texts to the study of life and would continue to nourish Italian folklore research.