当代美国儿童养育中的父亲角色:内涵、影响因素与启示

The Role of Father in Contemporary American Child Rearing:Connotation,Effecting Factors and Enlightenment

当代美国儿童养育中的父亲角色呈现出由相对单一向多元化发展的趋势,特别是父亲角色从工具型角色逐步向教养型角色扩展。这一过程受到美国二战后松弛的社会环境、公共卫生理念对儿童家庭环境的关注、大众传媒对父亲角色的宣扬、学界理论导向支持、性别权利运动推动以及国家政策鼓励等诸多因素的影响。借鉴美国儿童养育中的父亲角色转变经验,我国有必要以提升女性经济地位为关键,通过加快完善家庭友好政策及相关立法、转变社会性别角色观念、提升男性育儿意识、推行父职教育等措施,推动父亲角色向责任型、教养型方向发展。

The role of father in child rearing in the contemporary America is developing from relatively single to diversified,and it is gradually expanding from the instrumental role to the nurturing role.This process has been influenced by many factors,such as the relaxed social environment in the United States after World War II,the concern of public health concept on family environment,the publicity of the role of father by mass media,the support of academic theories,the promotion of gender rights movement and the encouragement of national policies.Learning from the experience of the development of father’s role in child rearing in the United States,it is necessary to take the promotion of women’s economic status as the key,through accelerating the improvement of family-friendly policies and related legislation,changing the concept of social gender roles,raising men’s awareness of parenting,and promoting fatherhood education,so as to promote the development of father's role to the direction of responsibility and upbringing.