国企混改路径创新:从中长期实现共同富裕

Innovation in the Path of Mixed Ownership Reform of State-owned Enterprises:Achieving Common Prosperity in the Medium and Long Term

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。推进共同富裕离不开构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制,国有企业作为中国特色社会主义市场经济的根基,促进共同富裕就要稳步推进国有企业混合所有制改革,做强做优做大国有企业。本轮国企混改推动了国有经济与市场经济融合发展,在提高国企运行效率、推动经济增长等方面取得显著成效。但不同的改制路径也暴露出新的问题,员工权益保护不足、效率与公平关系处理不当、绩效薪酬体系不合理等影响着共同富裕的实现进程。从整体上市、引入战略投资者、员工持股、国企债务等方面分析国企混改现存问题对我国共同富裕实现进程产生的影响;并从发挥国企产业引领作用、深化国有经济科技创新驱动效应、找准国企职能定位、健全企业治理结构、优化营商环境、推进分配体系现代化等角度提出政策建议——国企混改应从模式创新入手推动国企高质量发展,在保持经济增长韧性与可持续性的同时,以中长期改善民生为导向,推动中国共同富裕目标尽早实现。

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of the Chi-nese path to modernization.Promoting common prosperity is inseparable from building a high-level socialist mar-ket economic system.State-owned enterprises are the foundation of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.To promote common prosperity,it is necessary to steadily promote the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,and enhance the strength,quality,and size of SOEs.The current round of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises has promoted the integrated development of the state-owned economy and the market economy and achieved remarkable results in improving the operation efficiency of state-owned enterprises and promoting economic growth.However,different reform paths have also exposed new problems,such as insufficient protection of employees’rights and interests,improper handling of the relationship between efficiency and fairness,and unreasonable performance compensation systems,which have affected the realiza-tion of common prosperity.This paper analyzes the influence of the existing problems of mixed ownership reform on common prosperity from the aspects of overall listing,the introduction of strategic investors,employee stock ownership plan,state-owned enterprise debt and so on.It also puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of giving full play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises in industrial development,deepening the driving effect of scientific and technological innovation in the state-owned economy,accurately identifying the functional positioning of state-owned enterprises,improving corporate governance structure,optimizing business environ-ment,and promoting the modernization of distribution system.The reform of mixed ownership of state-owned en-terprises should start with model innovation to promote the high-quality development of state-owned enterprises.While maintaining the resilience and sustainability of economic growth,we should focus on improving people’s livelihood in the medium and long term,and promote the early realization of China’s goal of common prosperity.