服公职权限制的法律分析——以《公务员法》第26条第1款为切入点

Legal Analysis of the Restriction on the Right to Take Government Service:Taking Article 26,Paragraph 1 of the Civil Servant Law of the People’s Republic of China as the Breakthrough Point

《公务员法》对受过刑事处罚的公民担任公职的权利进行了限制。首先,这种限制在一定程度上,与宪法保障公民参政权与平等权的精神冲突。其次,这种限制使服公职权与被选举权的权利主体在范围上出现不一致。最后,这种限制抵消了刑法附加刑中“剥夺政治权利”的实质功能。因此本文建议将第26条第1款改为“依据刑法剥夺政治权利的人员不得录用为公务员”,使是否限制“服公职权”不再简单地以“受过刑事处罚”为依据进行抽象性评价,而由法院和法官在个案中具体判断。

The Civil Servant Law of the People’s Republic of China restricts the right of citizens who have received criminal punishment to take government service.Firstly,this restriction conflicts to some extent with the spirit of the constitution,which safeguards citizens’rights to participate in politics and equality.Secondly,this restriction creates an inconsistency in scope between the subjects exercising the right to take government service and the subjects exercising the right to be elected.Finally,this restriction nullifies the substantive function of the“deprivation of political rights”in the accessory punishment in criminal law.Therefore,this paper suggests amending Article 26,Paragraph 1 to state that“persons deprived of political rights according to the criminal law shall not be employed as civil servants”,so that the evaluation of whether to restrict the“right to take government service”is no longer solely based on an abstract assessment of having“been criminally punished”,but rather to be judged specifically by the courts and judges in individual cases.