我国中老年人生理健康与心理健康的动态双向影响研究

Study on Dynamic Bidirectional Relationship Between Physical and Mental Health Among the Middle-aged and Elderly People in China

目的:实证考察我国中老年人生理健康与心理健康之间的动态双向影响,为实现健康老龄化的发展目标提供参考依据。方法:利用2011-2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,分别以日常活动能力和抑郁症状作为生理健康与心理健康的测量指标,构建动态面板模型分析二者之间的相互作用。结果:对13647名我国中老年人的追踪数据进行分析表明,在控制了健康本身的动态相依性后,生理健康对心理健康的标准化效应为0.119(P<0.001),心理健康对生理健康的标准化效应为0.138(P<0.001)。从效应强度上看,心理健康对生理健康的影响相对更大,这在女性样本中尤为突出。结论:生理健康与心理健康之间存在着重要的动态双向效应,二者共同构成个体健康的一体两面,应重视二者之间的内在联系。尤其需要重视心理健康对生理健康的溢出效应,以及中老年女性面临的心理健康问题高发的风险。

Objective:To investigate the bidirectional relationship between physical and mental health among the middle-aged and elderly population,so as to promote healthy ageing in China.Methods:Using data from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and taking activity of daily living and depression as physical and mental health indicators,dynamic panel models were fitted to examine the bidirectional relationship between physical and mental health.Results:Through longitudinal data analysis of 13647 respondents in China,there were significant reciprocal effects between physical and mental health after controlling for the dynamic nature of health status,indicating that they were closely inter-connected in the development of individual health.There was also evidence that mental health had a stronger effect(β=0.138,P<0.001)on subsequent physical health than did the inverse(β=0.119,P<0.001),and this was especially true among females.Conclusion:Physical and mental health should be treated jointly instead of separately for a comprehensive and dynamic understanding of individual health.It is vital to pay full attention to the spillover effect of mental health on physical health,especially the elevated risk of mental problems among the middle-aged and elderly women.