知识产权惩罚性赔偿的司法适用困境及其化解

The Dilemma of Judicial Application of Punitive Damages of Intellectual Property and Its Solution

《民法典》中知识产权惩罚性赔偿总括性条款的增设,标志着我国知识产权惩罚性赔偿体系的建立。最高人民法院发布的《最高人民法院关于审理侵害知识产权民事案件适用惩罚性赔偿的解释》进一步细化了知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的具体适用,为司法实践提供了更加明确的指引。然而,该制度的实际司法运行却面临着主观要件不统一且常与客观要件的判定相重叠、惩罚性赔偿同法定赔偿关系不明、倍数计算出现分歧等多重适用困境。全面解读“故意”与“情节严重”的具体内涵与认定因素,使法定赔偿重回补偿性赔偿之本位,重塑倍比系数之立法区间,才能更好地适用知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度。

The punitive damages clause of intellectual property in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China establishes the punitive damages system of intellectual property in China.Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of Punitive Damages in the Trial of Intellectual Property Infringement Civil Cases issued by the Supreme People's Court further refined the specific application of the punitive damages system of intellectual property,providing guidance for judicial practice.However,the actual judicial operation of the system is faced with a number of problems,such as the subjective elements are not uniform and often overlap with the determination of objective elements,the relationship between punitive damages and statutory damages is not clear,and the calculation of the multiplier is divided.We should comprehensively interpret the specific connotation and determination factors of “intentional”and “aggravating circumstances”,order statutory damages to return to the original position of compensatory damages,and reshape the legislative range of multiplier coefficients,in order to better apply the system of punitive damages for intellectual property rights.