成人学习和教育“三大领域”的进展、困境及破解策略——基于《成人学习和教育全球报告(五)》的分析

Progress and Prospects of the“Three Fields”of Adult Learning and Education——Analysis Based on the 5 th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education

2022年6月,联合国教科文组织终身学习研究所发布的《成人学习和教育全球报告(五)》揭示了2018年以来全球成人学习和教育“三大领域”的核心进展,即读写能力和基本技能领域从认知性扫盲向功能性扫盲过渡、继续教育和专业发展领域从“培训性教育”向“大职业教育”转换、公民教育领域从强调积极公民意识教育向开展全球公民教育推进。但同时“三大领域”的发展也分别存在对弱势群体进行“功能性扫盲”的教育资源不足、“大职业教育”实践与“善治”理想结合深度不够、全球公民教育开展后劲不足的发展困境。基于此,未来应在教育资源分配上体现对弱势群体的正义关怀、在技能培训上围绕学习者需求和能力建设展开、在全球公民教育上聚焦本土与全球的共同理念。就我国而言,建议顺应“三大领域”的发展趋势,从加大数字扫盲力度、完善国家资历框架、基于全过程人民民主三个方面着手,推动成人学习和教育高质量发展。

The“5 th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education”(hereinafter referred to as GRALE5)released in June 2022 revealed the evolution trend of the“three fields”of global adult learning and education since 2018:the fields of literacy and basic skills are transitioning from cognitive literacy to functional literacy,and the fields of continuing education and professional development are transitioning from“training oriented education”to“extensive vocational education”.The field of civic education is advancing from cultivating citizenship to constructing global civic education.However,at the same time,the development of the“three fields”also exists three problems.Firstly,educational resources are insufficient for“functional literacy”for vulnerable groups.Secondly,the fields of continuing education and professional development are facing the development dilemma of insufficient depth of integration between the practice of“big vocational education”and the ideal of“good governance”.Thirdly,it lacks of potential for construction of global civic education.Based on this,in the future,justice and care for vulnerable groups should be reflected in the allocation of educational resources,skills education should focus on learner needs and capacity building,and global civic education should focus on a common concept of local and global perspectives.For our country,it is recommended to follow the development trend of the“three fields”and take preventive measures,starting from three aspects:increasing digital literacy efforts,improving the national qualification framework,and basing on the entire process of people’s democracy,to promote the high-quality development of adult learning and education in our country.