数字普惠金融对农民增收的影响机理与实证检验

The mechanism and empirical testing of the impact of digitalinclusive finance on increasing farmers′ income

做强数字普惠金融服务是助力共同富裕奋斗目标的时代要求。为揭示数字普惠金融助农增收的内在机理,本文以2011—2020年北京大学数字普惠金融指数及相关收入统计数据为基础,对数字普惠金融对农民收入增长及其收入结构变化的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,数字普惠金融对农民增收具有显著的促进作用,对农民收入结构中不同来源收入增长的促进程度由大到小依次是:农民转移净收入、农民财产净收入、农民工资净收入、农民经营净收入;数字普惠金融在经济发展水平低的中、西、东北地区助农增收效果更加明显;总体而言,数字普惠金融是有助于缩小城乡收入差距的,但对经营净收入和财产净收入差距有拉大的风险。基于此,政府应该顺应数字普惠金融对农民收入的影响特征更加高效高质量地发展数字普惠金融,在经济发展水平低的区域大力推广数字普惠金融,同时也要制定出避免经营净收入和财产净收入拉大城乡差距风险的对策。

Strengthening digital inclusive financial services is the requirement of the times to support the goal of common prosperity.To reveal the inherent mechanism of digital inclusive finance in helping farmers increase their income,this article empirically analyzed the impact of digital inclusive finance on farmers′income growth and income structure changes based on the Peking University digital inclusive finance index from 2011 to 2020 and related income statistical data.The results indicated that digital inclusive finance had a significant promoting effect on farmers′income growth.The degree of promotion of different sources of income growth in farmers′income structure was in descending order:net income from farmers′transfer,net income from farmers′property,net income from farmers′wages,and net income from farmers′operations.Digital inclusive finance had a more significant effect on aiding agriculture and increasing income in the low level of economic development in the central,western,and northeastern regions.Overall,digital inclusive finance was helpful to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,but posed a risk of widening the gap between net operating income and net property income.Based on this,the government should comply with the impact characteristics of digital inclusive finance on farmers′income,develop digital inclusive finance more efficiently and higher quality,vigorously promote digital inclusive finance in areas with low economic development levels,and also formulate countermeasures to avoid the risk of widening the urban-rural gap between net operating income and net property income.