奥康纳对西方国家的经济批判与生态批判

O’Connor’s Economic and Ecological Critique of Western Countries

西方马克思主义学者奥康纳对西方国家的批判可以区分为经济和生态两个视角,分别对应两个时期。在20世纪90年代之前,奥康纳认为西方国家由于存在“政治合法化职能”与“资本积累职能”的冲突而面临日趋严重的财政危机;到90年代之后,一些宏观条件上的变化令奥康纳转换视角,他从生态视角看到了西方国家在处理生态危机中的软弱性。奥康纳两大批判视角启示我们,要警惕西方国家以化解财政危机为动因的霸权主义和以解决生态危机为旗号的生态殖民主义、生态帝国主义。

Western Marxist scholar O’Connor’s critique of Western countries can be divided into two perspectives,namely economic perspective and ecological perspective,corresponding to two periods respectively.Before the 1990s,O’Connor believed that Western countries were facing a growing fiscal crisis due to the conflict between the“political legitimization function”and the“capital accumulation function”.After the 1990s,some changes in macro-conditions caused O’Connor to change his viewpoint,and he saw the weakness of Western countries in dealing with the ecological crisis from an ecological perspective.O’Connor’s two critical perspectives reveal to us that we have to be wary of the hegemonism of the Western countries motivated by resolving the financial crisis and the eco-colonialism and eco-imperialism in the name of solving the ecological crisis.