东德难民和20世纪50年代东德政治现状研究——基于布迪厄身体政治学中的象征性权力

A Study of East German Refugees and the Situation of East German Politics in the 1950s-Based on the Symbolic Power in Bourdieu’s Body Politics

第二次世界大战后,由于东西德发展差距增大,造就了20世纪50年代严重的东德难民外逃现象。这一现象引发了东德政府的担忧。“人”是国际关系领域极易被忽略的因素,但在这场危机中,难民这一特殊人群成为了导火索。借助布迪厄关于身体政治的理论来解读难民背后所蕴藏的巨大的象征性权力,将东德难民的“逃离”与统一社会党减弱的权力结合在一起分析,证明象征性权力虽体现出的是一种无意识的力量,但这种力量若控制不好,影响巨大,不仅对东德的政局造成动荡,甚至影响到冷战时期美苏的竞争。象征性权力是维护一个国家、民族稳定的重要因素,不容小视。

After the World War II,the increased development gap between East and West Germany resulted in a serious exodus of refugees from East Germany in the 1950s.This phenomenon aroused the concern of the East German Government.“Individual”is an easily overlooked factor in the field of international relations,but in this crisis,the particular group of refugees has become the trigger.With the help of Bourdieu’s theory of body politics to interpret the enormous symbolic power behind the refugees,this paper analyzes the“flight”of the refugees from East Germany together with the weakened power of the Socialist Unity Party and proves that although symbolic power embodies an unconscious power,it will have a great influence if it is not properly controlled,which will not only cause political turmoil in East Germany,but also affect the competition between the USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period.Symbolic power is an important factor in maintaining the stability of a country or nation,and should not be underestimated.