共同富裕目标下中国民众社会信心的阶层差异及其影响因素研究--基于CGSS 2017年数据

Research on Class Differences in Chinese Public’s Social Confidence and Their Influencing Factors Under the Goal of Common Prosperity-Based on the 2017 CGSS Data

基于2017年CGSS调查数据和社会分层的视角,分析了中国民众在社会信心上存在的阶层差异及其影响因素。结果显示,不同阶层民众对个人和社会的发展均持相对保守的乐观态度,且民众社会信心随阶层认同地位下降而下降的趋势明显。阶层地位、社会资本、相对剥夺感均会影响民众社会信心,但作用指标、程度和方向存在阶层差异,以及在微观、宏观不同层面的差异。机会公平对各阶层群体的正向影响始终显著,中、下层群体的社会信心更易受阶层地位和相对剥夺体验方面的因素影响,而他们有更高的阶层上移期望,且这种预期对其社会信心有显著正向影响。因此,创造更为公平的社会环境是提升民众社会信心、迈向共同富裕的关键。

Based on the 2017 CGSS survey data and the perspective of social stratification,this paper analyzes the class differences in social confidence of Chinese people and their influencing factors.The results show that people from different social classes hold relatively conservative and optimistic attitudes towards future development of both individuals and the society but there is a clear trend that people’s social confidence declines with the decline of class identity status.Class status,social capital and the sense of relative deprivation all affect people’s social confidence,but there are class differences in the indicators,degrees and directions of their effects,as well as differences at the micro and macro levels.Equality of opportunity always has a significant positive impact on all groups,and the social confidence of the middle and lower groups is more easily affected by factors related to class status and relative deprivation,while they have higher expectations of upward class mobility which have a significant positive impact on their social confidence.Therefore,the creation of a more equal social environment is the key to enhance people’s social confidence and move towards common prosperity.