夫妻共同债务的类型界分及其承担规则

Categorization of Couple’s Joint Debts and Their Liability Rules

关于夫妻共同债务的认定标准及债务清偿问题,相关法律制度几经演变,虽然《中华人民共和国民法典》家庭婚姻编第一千零六十四条明确规定了夫妻共同债务的有关情形,对夫妻共同债务的认定标准更为多元化,但由于现实生活中夫妻债务的情形纷繁复杂,因此该问题的司法认定在司法实务中存在较多争议。通过类型化研究方法对夫妻共同债务类型化区分,分为“共债共签”型、“家庭日常生活所需”型、“共同生活”型、“共同生产经营”型这四种共同债务类型。建立廓清夫妻共同债务的认定标准,建立分配债权人和非举债方配偶一方之间的举证规则,明确夫妻双方在清偿夫妻共同债务时各自承担的责任比例,努力在债务人、非举债配偶和债权人之间找到最佳的利益平衡。

With regard to the identification criteria of the joint debt of husband and wife and the problem of debt repayment,the relevant legal system has evolved for several times,although the family marriage section of article 1064 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,clearly stipulates the relevant circumstances of the joint debt of husband and wife,the recognition standard of the joint debt is more diversified.But there is a lot of controversy on the judicial identification of this issue in the practice due to the complexity of the debt in the reality of life.This paper adopts the typological approach to classify the joint debts of husband and wife into four types:“joint debts”,“family’s daily necessities”,“joint living”and“joint production and management”.This paper suggests to establish the identification criteria for determining spouse’s joint debt,to establish rules for allocating evidence between creditors and the non-debtor of the spouse,the clarification of the proportion of responsibility taken by spouse in repaying joint debt,and efforts to find an optimal balance of interests between the debtor,the non-debtor and the creditors.