19世纪下半叶美国航运补贴与太平洋邮船公司兴衰研究

Research on American Shipping Subsidy and the Rise and Fall of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company in the Second Half of the 19th Century

19世纪下半叶,美国力图扩大在太平洋与大西洋上的影响力,航运补贴政策成为重要一环。得到特殊惠顾的太平洋邮船公司发挥先锋作用,开辟从巴拿马至美国西海岸的沿岸航线与旧金山至东亚的远洋航线,为美国海洋帝国的构建做出了贡献。但此时推行的航运补贴政策并没有充分实现其国家战略目标,且由于监管不力,PM公司自身的违规操作及竞争对手的阴谋,最终使PM公司因补贴政策终止而衰亡。

In the second half of the 19th century,the United States tried to expand its influence in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the shipping subsidy policy became an important part.With special patronage,the Pacific Mail Steamship Company played a pioneering role in opening coastal ship route from Panama to the West coast of the United States and ship route from San Francisco to East Asia contributing to the construction of the United States maritime empire.However,the shipping subsidy policy implemented at this time did not fully achieve its national strategic goals,and due to poor supervision,as well as the company’s own illegal operations and the conspiracy of competitors,the Pacific Mail Steamship Company finally declined due to the termination of the subsidy policy.