生物炭与氮肥配施对米粉稻产量与稻米品质的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice in Noodles Rice

为探讨生物碳与氮肥配施对米粉稻产量与品质的影响,以米粉稻品种湘早籼32号为材料,设置3个处理(不施氮肥,CK;施纯氮180 kg/hm^(2),T1;施纯氮180 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭,T2)在湖南浏阳开展两年大田试验。结果表明:施氮处理主要通过显著增加有效穗数实现水稻增产,生物炭与氮肥配施通过提高有效穗数和结实率进一步显著提高产量,增产幅度为7.92%~11.80%;生物炭与氮肥配施显著提高出糙率和精米率,并使垩白粒率和垩白度降低;生物炭与氮肥配施提高直链淀粉与各蛋白质组分的含量,尤其是清蛋白含量;生物炭与氮肥配施降低了稻米淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度,对峰值黏度时间、糊化温度无显著影响,整体上改善了米粉稻稻米黏度特性。可见,生物炭配施处理对米粉稻具有较好的增产与提质作用。

In order to explore the effect of combined application of biochar and nitrogen feryilizer on the yield and quality of noodle rice,three treatments(without nitrogen fertilizer,CK;pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm^(2),T1;pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm^(2)+biochar,T2)were set up to conducte a two-year field experiment with noodle rice variety Xiangzaoxian No.32 as material in Liuyang,Hunan.The results showed that nitrogen application treatment mainly achieved rice yield increase by significantly increasing the number of effective panicles,while combined application of biochar and nitrogen feryilizer further significantly increased yield by 7.92%-11.80%by increasing the number of effective panicles and seed setting rate.Combined application of biochar and nitrogen feryilizer treatment significantly improved the brown rice rate and milled rice rate,and reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness to a certain extent.Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fe-ryilizer treatment increased the content of amylose starch and protein components,especially the albumin content.Combined application of biochar and nitrogen feryilizer treatment reduced the peak viscosity,minimum viscosity and final viscosity of rice starch,but had no significant effect at the peak viscosity time and gelatinization temperature,and improved the viscosity characteristics of noodle rice as a whole.It can be seen that biochar application treatment has better effect on the yield and quality of noodle rice.