优化基肥和提苗肥对稻茬烤烟早生快发的影响

Effects of Optimizing Base Fertilizer and Raising-seedlings Fertilizer on Early Growth and Rapid Development of Paddy-Tobacco

为明确基肥中添加微生物菌剂和提苗肥中添加尿素对稻茬烤烟的早生快发效应,以云烟87为材料,于2022年在湖南郴州烟区采用双因素试验,基肥设计添加微生物菌剂和不添加微生物菌剂2个水平;提苗肥设置单施烟草专用提苗肥、单施尿素、烟草专用提苗肥和尿素混施3个水平,研究微生物菌剂、提苗肥及其互作对团棵期烤烟根系、农艺性状、SPAD值、干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分积累的影响。结果表明:基肥添加微生物菌剂和烟草专用提苗肥配施尿素可提高烤烟根系活力和叶片SPAD值,促进烤烟根系发育和地上部生长,有利于烤烟干物质和氮、磷、钾养分积累,这种促早生快发措施对根系的影响大于对地上部的影响。在基肥中添加微生物菌剂主要促进根系生长与氮素积累,提苗肥添加尿素主要促进地上部生长和干物质、磷、钾积累;添加微生物菌剂对促早生快发的贡献率为34.49%,提苗肥的贡献率为38.61%,两者互作的贡献率为26.90%。因此,在稻茬烤烟穴施基肥中添加微生物菌剂,并在提苗肥中配施尿素,可促进烤烟早生快发,有利于实现稻作烟区云烟87的优质丰产。

To determine the effect of adding microbial agents in base fertilizer and urea in seedling-raising fertilizer on promoting early growth and rapid development of paddy-tobacco.Yunyan 87 was used as the material in Hunan Chenzhou tobacco-planting area,the two-factor experiment was designed by two application methods of base fertilizer with or without adding microbial agent,and three application methods of a single application of seedling-raising fertilizer for tobacco,a single application of urea,seedling-raising fertilizer for tobacco and urea mixed application.The effects of microbial agents,seedling-raising fertilizer and their interaction on the root system,agronomic traits,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of flue-cured tobacco in the rosette stage were studied.The results showed that the addition of microbial agents and seedling-raising fertilizer in base fertilizer combined with urea could improve root activity and leaf SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco,promote root development and above-ground growth of flue-cured tobacco,and facilitate the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients of flue-cured tobacco.The effect of this measure on root growth was greater than that on above-ground growth.The application method of adding microbial agents to base fertilizer mainly affected root growth and nitrogen accumulation.The application method of seeding-raising fertilizer mainly affected above-ground growth and accumulation of dry matter,phosphorus and pota-ssium.The contribution rate of adding microbial agents to promote early growth and rapid development was 34.49%,the contribution rate of seedling-raising fertilizer was 38.61%,and the contribution rate of their interaction was 26.90%.Therefore,adding microbial agents to the base fertilizer and applying urea to the seedling extraction fertilizer can promote the early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco,and lay a foundation for the high quality and high yield of Yunyan 87 in tobacco-rice rotation area.