政策型立法:应对气候变化立法韩国经验的镜鉴与拓展

Policy-based Legislation: Inspirations of South Korea’s Experience on Climate Change Legislation

综观各国应对气候变化立法,大致可分为综合型、分散型、单行法立法模式。其中,政策型立法承继了综合型立法的“全面性”特征,兼具引导性和灵活性。韩国是政策型立法的典型,其以气候正义为导向、以协商治理为重点、以机构设置引导形成合力,呈现为“基本法+支撑性法+辅助性法”的体系化立法路径,可资镜鉴。立足于我国能源、资源禀赋和立法现状,宜从分散型立法转向政策型立法,制定专门的《应对气候变化法》作为基本法,以参与正义融贯“平行式”的气候治理路径,以矫正正义弥合社会转型的能力差异,建构超越行政主导的主体建设二元模式,形塑我国应对气候变化立法体系。

Legislations to address climate change can be broadly categorized into models of the comprehensive,the decentralized and the unilateral legislative.Among them,the policy-based legislation inherits the feature of the“comprehensive”,and is guiding and flexible as well.South Korea is a typical example of policy-based legislation,which is oriented to climate justice,focuses on consultative governance,and guides the formation of synergies through institutional setups,presenting a systematic legislative path of“basic law+supportive law+auxiliary law”.Based on China’s energy and resource reserves and the current legislative situation,it is appropriate to shift from decentralized legislation to policy-oriented legislation,formulate a special Climate Change Act as the basic law,integrate“parallel”climate governance with participatory justice,bridge the capacity difference of social transformation with corrective justice,and build a binary mode of subject construction that goes beyond the administrative dominance.and shape China’s legislative system for addressing climate change.