欧盟绿色转型的进程、特点及中国应对建议

Research on the Process,Features,and China's Response to the Green Transformation of the European Union

新一届欧盟委员会自2019年末上任以来,将推进绿色转型作为主要施政方向和未来主要发展目标之一。自2019年末至今,欧盟绿色转型进程可大致划分为四个阶段:第一阶段以《欧洲气候法》确立绿色发展目标;第二阶段以“减排55%”布局绿色政策拼图;第三阶段以REPowerEU优化能源结构;第四阶段以绿色协议产业计划塑造产业优势,持续推进绿色转型进程。在此背景下,欧盟绿色转型进程呈现五大特点:一是以双边合作捆绑国际伙伴,二是以多边合作联通国际伙伴,三是以竞争工具竞速国际对手,四是以政策内外联动强化竞争力,五是转型进程在纷争不断中艰难推进。文章认为,欧盟绿色转型进程在双多边及产业竞争等方面对我国造成冲击,我国需从政策研判、技术供给、市场拓展、多边斗争等多维度入手,策应欧盟绿色转型进程对我国的影响,为全球绿色发展贡献中国力量。

Since taking office in 2019,the new European Commission has given priority to green transformation and regard it as one of its main governance directions and future development objectives,in an effort to further lead the global green transformation process by continuously expanding its advantages in the green field.Since the end of 2019,the green transformation process of the EU can be roughly categorized into four stages,namely,to establish green development objective through the European Climate Law;lay out a green policy with the goal of reducing emissions by 55%;optimize the energy mix through REPowerEU;shape industrial advantages through the signing of green agreements and continuously promote green transformation.Against this background,the EU green transformation process presents five major features:firstly,binding international partners through bilateral cooperation;secondly,connecting international partners through multilateral cooperation;thirdly,competing against international rivals through competitive tools;fourthly,strengthening competitiveness through internal and external policy linkage;and fifthly,the process advances with great difficulty amidst constant disputes.According to the article,the green transformation of EU has had an impact on China in terms of bilateral,multilateral,and industrial competition.China needs to respond to it from multiple aspects such as policy determining,technology supply,market expansion,and multilateral competition,in order to contribute Chinese strength to global green development.