美国及其主要盟伴跨境数据流动政策模式探因

An Analysis of the Transborder Data Flow Policy Approaches of the United States and Its Major Alliances and Partnerships

随着数字时代到来,跨境数据流动改变了全球的政治经济生态。在这一过程中,美国及其主要盟伴的跨境数据流动政策模式呈现显著分异。文章首先构建了测量一国政策模式的指标工具,识别了美国及其主要盟伴的政策模式,而后探究其成因。研究表明,在跨境数据流动领域,对数据流动的安全威胁认知是塑造美国及其主要盟伴政策的核心因素,而个人主义—集体主义的价值观偏向起到了修正作用。具体而言,将数据流动视作安全威胁的集体主义国家会形成广泛本地化模式;将数据流动视作安全威胁的个人主义国家会形成有限本地化模式;将数据流动视作安全保障的个人主义国家会形成有限自由流动模式;将数据流动视作安全保障的集体主义国家会形成广泛自由流动模式。文章为测量一国跨境数据流动政策模式提供了较为客观清晰的指标,并揭示了美国及其主要盟伴的政策动因,一定程度上为后续相关研究提供了工具与基础,同时对中国寻求跨境数据流动领域合作具有一定的启示意义。

In the digital age,significant variations have emerged in terms of different countries'transborder data flow policies.This article first constructs an indicator model for measuring a country's policy,next exploring the factors shaping these policies.The research illustrates that the perceptions of data security threats related to data flows is a core factor shaping countries'policies.Meanwhile,values such as individualism vs.collectivism play a moderating role in policy making.Specifically,collectivist countries that perceive data flows as security threats tend to adopt broadly localized policies.Meanwhile individualist countries regarding data flows as security threats adopt limited localized policies.For individualist countries that see data flows as security guarantee,a limited open model is adopted.For collectivist states that see data flows as security guarantee,a broad and open model is followed.This article provides an objective set of indicators for measuring a country's data flow policies.In doing so,it reveals the policy motivations of the U.S.and its major alliances and partnerships.To a certain extent,it provides tools and a foundation for subsequent research.