抗战时期西北国际通道初探

A Preliminary Study on the Northwest International Channel during the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

西北国际通道是抗战时期经中国西北地区运输外国援华物资、援华人员和中国易货物资的重要国际通道,西北国际通道的开辟与运行对于中国抗日战争胜利发挥了极为重要的历史作用。学界对西北国际通道研究十分关注,现有研究对其基本概念如名称、路线、里程认识并不一致。文章依据通道地理位置及运输状况将其定名为西北国际通道;通过梳理抗战时期报纸、期刊、书籍等资料,分析得出通道有三条线路,公路线起自今哈萨克斯坦萨雷奥泽克车站,终于兰州,航空线为阿拉木图至兰州,驿运线为印度列城至中国新疆叶城;以修建维护通道的新疆公路局、西北公路局等机构资料为依据,考订西北国际通道公路线里程为2934公里。

The Northwest International Channel was an important international channel for the transportation of foreign aid materials,aid personnel and Chinese barter goods through northwest China during the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.The opening and operation of the Northwest International channel played an extremely important historical role in the victory of China's War of Resistance against Japan.Scholars have paid great attention to the researches on the Northwest International passage,but the existing researches have different understandings on its basic concepts such as name,route and mileage.In this paper,according to the geographical location and transportation situation of the channel,it was named as the Northwest International Channel.By analyzing the information of newspapers,periodicals and books during the War of Resistance against Japan,it can be concluded that there are three routes in the channel.The road route starts from the present Sareozek Station in Kazakhstan and ends in Lanzhou.The air route is from Almaty to Lanzhou,and the post route is from Leh in India to Yecheng in Xinjiang.Based on the data of Xinjiang Highway Bureau and Northwest Highway Bureau,the mileage of Northwest International channel is 2,934 kilometers.