可控、意愿与情态述补结构的解读

Controllable,Volitive and the Interpretation of Modal Complement Structure

情态述补结构“V得/不C”是汉语中的一种多义情态表达式,文章从语义-语用接口的角度,发现事件的[可控]和[意愿]两种特征都会对其情态类型的解读产生影响。[可控]是语义特征,对“V得/不C”的情态解读起到基础性作用,表现在:[+可控]会产生动力情态解读,[-可控]会产生认识情态解读。而[意愿]是在[可控]之上的语用特征,会改变[可控]对“V得/不C”情态解读的作用,表现在:[-可控]的事件如果具有[+意愿]特征,“V得/不C”就会反转为表达动力情态;[+可控]的事件如果具有[-意愿]特征,“V得/不C”就会反转为表达认识情态。

The modal complement structure"V De(得)/Bu(不)C"is a polysemous modal expression in Chinese.From the perspective of the semantic-pragmatic interface,this paper finds that both the[Controllable]and[Volitive]features of events can have an impact on the interpretation of its modal types.[Controllable]is a semantic feature which plays a fundamental role in the interpretation of"V De(得)/Bu(不)C",which is manifested in:[+Controllable]will generate dynamic modality interpretation and[-Controllable]will generate epistemic modal interpretation.[Volitive]is a pragmatic feature above[Controllable],which can change the role of[Controllable],as shown in:if the[-Controllable]event has the[+Volitive]feature,"V De(得)/Bu(不)C"will be reversed to express dynamic modality;if the[+Controllable]event has the[-Volitive]feature,"V De(得)/Bu(不)C"will be reversed to express epistemic modality.