国家减贫行动如何回应差异化需求——精准扶贫精准脱贫制度体系及其知识贡献

How National Poverty Alleviation Action Responds to Differentiated Needs——Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Its Contribution to Knowledge

党的十八大以来,中国共产党原创性地提出并深入实施脱贫攻坚战略,建立精准扶贫精准脱贫制度体系,成功全面消除绝对贫困,书写了人类发展史上的伟大奇迹。其知识贡献在于,发展中国家解决好“精细化减贫”的问题,不能简单照搬西方发展理论所倡导的“分权化减贫治理”模式,而是需要同时解决好“高质量信息生产”“联结政策供给与需求的有效机制”以及“综合施策和政策协同”三方面问题,从而搭建起“统筹的多层级治理”体系。脱贫攻坚战以最短的时间、最好的效能,建立起一整套精准扶贫精准脱贫制度体系,兑现“全面小康、不落一人”的庄严承诺,表明中国特色减贫模式的巨大制度优势。在更为广泛的意义上讲,精准思维构成了理解和推进中国式现代化的重要知识与方法维度。

From the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party established a system of targeted poverty alleviation that inscribed a great miracle in the history of human development.We can learn from China's experience that in order to take targeted measures to combat poverty,developing countries cannot simply follow the decentralized poverty reduction method advocated by Western development theory.Rather,it is necessary to simultaneously address the three key aspects of“high-quality information production,”“effective mechanisms for linking policy supply and demand,”and“integrated policymaking and policy coordination,”to build an“integrated multilayered governance structure.”China's tough battle against poverty has fulfilled its solemn commitment to“a moderately prosperous society in all respects,leaving no one behind,”which demonstrates the outstanding institutional advantages of the poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics.In a broader sense,targeted thinking constitutes an important intellectual and methodological dimension for understanding and promoting the Chinese path to modernization.