科技伦理教育体系的系统发展观——基于“六边形教育模型”的探索

A systemic view of the development of S&T ethics education system:An exploration based on the hexagonal education model

建立一个系统完备、符合国情需要的科技伦理教育体系是科技伦理治理的重要基础。科技伦理教育体系建设应当遵循系统发展观,可以概括为“六边形教育模型”:教育理念具有三位一体性,要秉持价值塑造、知识传授与能力培养三位一体;教育目标具有全面发展性,要树立意识和责任感、规范认知与遵循、伦理决策能力等多维目标;教育结构具有多阶递进性,既要体现贯穿生命历程的一致性,又要突出不同教育阶段的重点;教育内容具有专通结合性,既要强调对科技伦理的宏观认识,也要重视对于具体领域伦理问题的理解和实践;教育方式具有整合互补性,既要加强独立式课程教学的理论性和系统性,也要发挥嵌入式伦理教育的实践性和拓展性;教育场景具有灵活开放性,既要注重线上线下教育资源的整合利用,也要重视校内校外教育的互相补充。未来应结合这六个维度,系统地统筹并推进科技伦理教育体系的建设与发展。

The establishment of a systematic and comprehensive S&T ethics education system that meets the needs of national condi-tions is an important foundation for the ethical governance of science and technology.The systemic view of development that should be followed in the construction of an education system for ethics of science and technology can be summarized as a"Hexagonal Education Model":(1)The concept of education is trinitarian,upholding the trinity of value shaping,knowledge transfer and competence devel-opment;(2)The objectives of education are comprehensive,establishing a sense of awareness and responsibility,norm recognition and compliance,ethical decision-making ability,etc.(3)The structure of education is multi-stage and progressive,reflecting consisten-cy throughout the life course and highlighting the focus of different stages of education;(4)The content of education is integrated,em-phasising not only a macro understanding of the ethics of science and technology,but also the understanding and practice of ethical is-sues in specific fields;(5)The educational approach is integrated and complementary,strengthening the theoretical and systematic na-ture of stand-alone courses teaching,while bringing into play the practical and extended nature of embedded ethics education;(6)The educational scene is flexible and open,focusing on the integrated use of online and offline educational resources,as well as the mutual complementarity of on-campus and off-campus education.In the future,the construction and development of a S&T ethics education system should be systematically co-ordinated and promoted by combining these six dimensions.