大国竞争、高科技产业与创新联盟博弈——政府干预视角下的美国半导体产业全球领先计划

Great power competition,high-tech industry,and the innovation alliance game:The U.S.semiconductor industry's global leadership program from the perspective of government intervention

以半导体产业为代表的高科技打压与突围成为了大国竞争的焦点。国家竞争力和经济增长与国家创新体系效能息息相关。美国在半导体技术领域采取的创新联盟行动丰富了国家创新体系的理论内涵,意味着政府可以通过干预创新联盟的战略行动来展开大国竞争。本文运用程序化扎根理论方法,围绕联盟博弈这一主题,从政府干预视角对美国半导体产业全球领先计划进行诠释性案例研究。在联盟博弈的战略行动中,美国政府通过设立管理机构,整合多元合作网络,形成了一个对内提升国内生产制造能力,对外进行全球价值链“战略脱钩、重组和隔离”的基本行动策略。联盟博弈经历了一个“伊始-爆发-应对”的策略过程,是一个典型的国家创新体系提升路径,形成了一个对内提升联盟合法性和对外降低制度复杂性的持续作用逻辑。这是美国增大与他国之间的技术代差和降低对国际制造业的依赖,进而实现持续领先战略的过程。这对我国吸收国家创新体系治理经验以及分析竞争对手行动都具有参考意义。

Suppression and breakout in high-tech have been the center of tremendous power conflict,particularly in the sphere of semiconductor technology.The effectiveness of national innovation systems is closely related to national competitiveness and economic growth.The United States innovation alliance action in semiconductor technology enriches the theoretical connotation of the national in-novation system.This means that governments can engage in great power competition by intervening in the strategic actions of innova-tion alliances.This paper presents an interpretive case study of a global leadership program in the US semiconductor industry from the perspective of government intervention around the theme of the alliance game,using a procedural grounded theory approach.The Unit-ed States government has formed a basic action strategy in the alliance game of improving domestic production and manufacturing capac-ity internally and carrying out"strategic decoupling,reorganization,and isolation"of the global value chain by establishing manage-ment agencies and integrating multiple cooperation networks.Strategic action has gone through a strategic process of"initiation-explo-sion-response,"which is a typical way of improving the national innovation system,forming a continuous logic of improving the legiti-macy of the alliance internally and reducing the system's complexity externally.This is the process of increasing the technological gener-ation gap between the United States and other countries while decreasing its reliance on international manufacturing,thereby realizing the continuous leadership strategy.This has reference significance for my country in terms of absorbing the governance experience of the national innovation system and analyzing competitor actions.