问题导向的基础研究与产业突破性创新

The layout of problem-oriented basic research and radical innovation

在全球竞争日益激烈的情形下,基础研究在国家发展和安全保障中的作用逐渐凸显。若不能加强基础研究能力,我国将面临越来越多制裁以及“卡脖子”技术的约束,突破性创新也会受到一定的限制。目前,相对于其他发达国家,尤其是美国来说,我国基础研究仍存在明显不足,包括基础研究整体投入不足、以企业为主的问题导向基础研究的经费占比低下、不同创新主体之间未能形成稳健的基础研究体系等。基于分析,本研究提出了对我国未来的基础研究和突破性创新具有启示意义的对策和建议,包括平衡问题导向的基础研究与好奇心导向的基础研究,调动大企业的积极性,多元化基础研究主体,建立军民两用的基础研究专项基金,促进基础研究主体的联动以及培养和吸引基础研究人才等。

Along with the increasingly fierce competition around the world,the role of basic research in a nation's development and se-curity has become more prominent.Nowadays,if the capability of basic research cannot be improved,China would be constrained to more sanctions and bottleneck technologies,and the radical innovation would also be hampered.Currently,China's basic research is still underdeveloped compared with other developed countries,especially the United States.In the US,the defense agencies are the first actors to realize the importance of basic research and still play an important role until now.Besides,the enterprises have allocated massive resources to basic research,which has laid foundation for some enterprises'radical innovation as well as monopoly position in related industries.The universities are regarded as main player in basic research system after Vannevar·Bush submitting the report of Science,the endless frontier.The government is also the leader in some basic research projects,in which the National Institutes of Health is a representative sub-organization.The military,the government,the universities and the large enterprises have formulated a triangle system in the US'basic research,which is stable and robust.The development of the Us'basic research has also been greatly improved under the system.Non-profit organizations have gradually played a more important role in the basic research.Compared with the US,China's overall expenditure of basic research is stil in a low level,and the large enterprises have involved lttle in problem-oriented basic research.Until now,it is the university that has devoted much to the basic research,in which the curiosity-oriented research is the main part.The involvement of the China's military force in basic research also needs to be improved,and the convergence of military technologies and civil technologies still meets challenges.Besides,the ratio of social capital in China's basic research system is still low and there are few social organizations participating in basic research activities.In such a situation,the transfer between curiosity-oriented and problem-oriented basic research outcomes is hampered.Based on the analysis,this research puts forward enlightening suggestions for China's basic research development and radical innovation.The government should encourage more private enterprises and social organizations to involve in the basic research to diversify participating actors in the basic research and increase the whole expenditure.The private enterprises are the most active actors in the market and are also the main players to promote the development of the science and technology.The social organizations can also bring more resources to basic research.Thus,incorporating more types of innovative actors into basic research is pivotal.Besides,proper monopoly should be given to large enterprises in order to keep them motivated when carrying out basic research activities and radical innovation.What's more,establishing special fund for military and civil basic research is also an important measure to promote the joint problem-oriented basic research between them.The interaction between more innovative actors is also essential,including the universities,governments,enterprises and military agencies.Finally,the government should formulate relevant policies to attract more talents in basic research field from the whole world and cultivate more local talents by optimizing the promotion and reward rules.