地图如何叙事:《雍录》地图中的空间叙事与叙事空间

How Maps Narrate:Spatial Narration and Narrative Space in Yong Records Maps

程大昌通过绘制长安地图,将长安塑造为可供后世治理天下取鉴的参照对象,通过地图悄然完成关于长安的典范叙事。地图上的长安实际上发挥了构建空间叙事与提供叙事空间两类职能,并深度参与了这两种叙事。通过这两类叙事,长安由一处意义不明的地理“空间”变为意义清晰的“地方”。这两种地图中的叙事并不对立,或许在一幅图中同时存在,两者都使长安具有典范的样貌与意义。因此,阐明空间的地方意义应当是绘制方志地图的动机之一,也是我们理解其中叙事的关键。

Cheng Dachang,through his drawing of Chang'an maps,portrayed Changan as a reference subject providing governance experiences for future generations,and quietly completed a classical narration about Chang'an through maps.Chang'an on maps actually played two functions,i.e.constructing spatial narration and providing narrative space,and deeply participated in these two kinds of narrations.Through these two kinds of narrations,Chang'an turned from a geographical"space"with indefinite significance into an"area"with clear significance.Narrations in these two kinds of maps are not contradictory.They may exist in one map at the same time,and both endowed Chang'an with classical appearance and significance.Therefore,expounding the local significance of space should be one of the motives of drawing maps in local records,and the key in our understandings of the narrations contained.