关于“人工智人”的认知人类学思考

Cognitive Anthropological Reflections on Artificial Homo Sapiens

从认知人类学的视角,对人工智人的发展展开思考,其核心问题可以表述为:人工智人以何为人?何以为人?人工智能的“二次性问题”,本来是人工智人以何为人的基础,目前却成为人类的挑战,甚至挑战着现有的社会价值和结构。在机器通过人工智能走向人工智人的同时,人类在很多方面已经开始受制于人工智能。特别是人工智能带来的标准化、去文化、去主体性,以及最终的去人性,使得人类正在走向人类机器。“文化”是人类社会之脑,一旦人类被人工智能统治,会导致人类按照人工智能的规范去“二次文化”。鉴于此,一方面要约束人工智人,防止其以“科技暴力”统治并“文化”人类;另一方面基于人类学本体论转向的文化认知,不应将人工智人简单视为一种工具,而是应将其当作“人”,约束其成为有文化、有伦理的人。由此才能实现人工智能与人类长久和平共生。

From the perspective of cognitive anthropology,this paper tries to put forward some thoughts on the development of AI.The core questions can be expressed as follows:With what AIP to become human?How is AIP as a human being?The"quadratic problem"of AI,which was originally the basis of AIP,has now become a challenge for human beings.In particular,the powerful language function of ChatGPT-4 is even challenging the existing social values and structures.While machines use AI to reach AIP,humans have begun to be subject to AI in many ways.In particular,the standardization,deculture and desubjectivity brought about by AI is ultimately the dehumanization,making human beings moving towards human-machines."Culture"is the brain of human society.Once human beings are ruled by Al,it will lead to human beings to"secondary culture"according to the norms of AI.Therefore,on the one hand,AIP should be restrained to prevent AIP from ruling and"culturing"us with"technological violence';on the other hand,based on the cultural cognition of the anthropological ontological turn,AlP should not be regarded simply as a tool but as a"human being",and should be treated as a"human being"that is bound to become a cultured and ethical person.This will lead to a long-lasting and peaceful coexistence with human beings.