不同制备方法对野山参色泽、氨基酸及皂苷含量的影响

Effects of Different Preparation Methods on Content of Color,Amino Acids and Saponins of Wild Ginseng

野山参的销售产品多以生晒野山参为主,试验以野山参为材料,将不同方法制备的野山参色泽、氨基酸、人参单体皂苷、总皂苷进行比较分析,探究在不同制备方法下野山参红参各指标的变化规律。结果表明:随蒸制次数和时间的增加,野山参红参的亮度值L、总色差值E逐渐减小,色度值a、b逐渐增加,二次冷冻处理也能使色度显著加深(P<0.05)。野山参红参中的16种氨基酸的总量为5.772%~6.371%,1L组(经一次蒸制和干燥后于0℃保存7 d)中氨基酸总量比生晒野山参提高了约10.81%,其中精氨酸的含量最高(1.347%~1.815%)。野山参红参中总皂苷含量为2.63%~4.78%,在加工过程中转化生成了生晒野山参中含量极少或没有的稀有人参皂苷Rh_(4),Rh_(1)(S),Rh_(1)(R),Rg_(6),Rk_(1),Rg_(5),Rg_(3)(S),Rg_(3)(R),而原人参皂苷Rg_(1),Re,Ro,Rc,Rb_(2),Rb_(3)的含量比生晒野山参显著下降(P<0.05)。将野山参制备成红参后,可能使其营养价值和药用价值有所增加。

Most sales products of wild ginseng are mainly raw and sun-dried wild ginseng.In this study,the properties,16 amino acids,18 ginsenosides and total saponins of wild ginseng prepared with different methods were compared and analyzed to investigate the changes of each index of wild ginseng red ginseng under different preparation methods.The results showed that brightness value L and total color difference value E of wild ginseng red ginseng gradually decreased and chromaticity values a and b gradually increased with the increase of steaming frequency and time,and the secondary freezing treatment also resulted in significant deepening of chromaticity(P<0.05).The total amount of 16 amino acids in wild ginseng red ginseng ranged from 5.772%to 6.371%,and the total amount of amino acids in 1L group was about 10.81%higher than that in raw sun-dried wild ginseng,among them,the content of arginine was the highest(1.347%-1.815%).The total saponin content of wild ginseng red ginseng ranged from 2.63%to 4.78%,and during the processing,rare ginsenosides Rh_(4),Rh_(1)(S),Rh_(1)(R),Rg_(6),Rk_(1),Rg_(5),Rg_(3)(S),Rg_(3)(R),and Rg_(3)(R),which were minimal or absent in raw sun-dried wild ginseng,were generated,while the contents of the original ginsenosides Rg_(1),Re,Ro,Rc,Rb_(2),and Rb_(3) were significantly decreased compared to those of raw sun-dried wild ginseng(P<0.05).The preparation of wild ginseng into red ginseng may increase its nutritional and medicinal values,therefore,conducting research on the processing of wild ginseng red ginseng is of great significance.