随手行动与生生世界:福建霍童的山民和青草

Offhand Behaviors and the Shengsheng(Generating)World:The Mountaineers and Their"Green Grass"in the Huotong Basin,Fujian Province

“三十六小洞天”之首的福建霍童以草药而闻名。正是当地人“随手”采集和种植青草的行为编织出了“洞天”中的“生生”世界。在这一世界中,青草是食物而不是医药,它存在于非系统性、非专业化的实践中,依赖人的耕作扰动而生长,并与作为商品的茶叶泾渭分明。长期的游耕方式与山林所有制传统使霍童山区既是人们熟悉的田园,也是与祖先和后代共享的家园,但始终潜藏的危险与不确定性又使得青草难以被规模化利用。“随手”只能发生在这样的生境中,其所需的知识与技能又反过来避免了公地悲剧,维护了青草之生生不息。“随手”行动源于惯习和传统,关切自我、赞育万物并随时行动,这决定了“生生”世界与“环保”和“交染”观念都不同。

Huotong basin in Fujian Province ranks the first among the 36 small Grotto-heavens and has been famous for its herbal medicine since the Wei-Jin Period(220-589).To this day,"green grass"remains as an essential material for the local mountaineers and is intertwined with their daily life in a complex and dynamic way.The cultivation and collection of green grass by the mountaineers,which can be described as"offhand behaviors",is the base of a shengsheng(generating)world.In this world,green grass is food rather than medicine,only existing in the non-systematic,non-professional and embodied practices.It depends on the disturbance of agriculture and is distinct from the tea as commodity.In the Huotong basin,where there are many mountains and little arable lands,the long tradition of horticulture and communal ownership of the plant resources under forest has made the mountains both familiar and pastoral,at the same time,however,the ever-present danger and uncertainty make it difficult to exploit.It is in this habitat that the offhand behaviors become possible,and the knowledge and skills required to do so in return prevent the tragedy of the commons and maintain the grass resources'survival.Such"offhand behaviors",born of embodied habitat,unfolded within the framework provided by the tradition,cares for the people themselves in nurturing others,always ready to act,and eventually weaves out a generating world with other creatures.This generating world is not only different from the modern concept of environmental protection,but also different from the seemingly equal,but actually fragmented"contamination"world.